Health promotion Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Health promotion - Research Paper Example These strategies are supported by five priority action areas as outlined in the Ottawa Charter for health promotion; build healthy public policy, create supportive environments for health, strengthen community action for health, develop personal skills and re-orient health services. Three of the most common health problems that affect people include cervical cancer, obesity and Hypertension (HTN). Cervical Cancer Considered a prevalent condition among the immigrant Americans, cervical cancer is associated with numerous risk factors; against which campaign are fostered to curb the its effects. Although vaccination against cervical cancer is available, timely testing and screening aid in the prevention and management; ultimately reducing the incidence by 80%. Rampant cases in the US are reported among the Vietnamese and non-Latina women immigrants largely associated with limited access to Pap testing. Drastic measures to curb the disparities include awareness campaigns, encouraging adm inistration of primary care by PCPs, and increase patient-provider communication. Cervix in relation to upper part of vagina and posterior portion of uterus The cervix is the narrow portion of the uterus where it joins with the top of the vagina. Most cancers of the cervix are squamous cell carcinomas which are in the flattened epithelial cells that line the cervix. Symptoms such as pelvic pain, heavy bleeding from the vagina, leaking of urine or faeces from the vagina, back pain, leg pain, single swollen leg, loss of appetite, weight loss, fatigue, and bone fractures indicate advanced cervical cancer (Green & Kreuter, 1991). Certain risk factors according to the American cancer society include: Chlamydia infection, multiple pregnancies, exposure to the hormonal drug diethylstilbestrol stress and stress related disorders, HPV infection, smoking, HIV infection, diatary factors, hormonal contraception, and family history of cervical cancer. Other risk factors especially for young pers ons are: early age at first intercourse and first pregnancy, compounded by early use of oral contraceptives. There has not been any definitive evidence to support the claim that circumcision of the male partner reduces the risk of cervical cancer, although some researchers say there is compelling epidemiological evidence that men who have been circumcised are less likely to be infected with HPV. However, in men with low-risk sexual behaviour and monogamous female partners, circumcision makes no difference to the risk of cervical cancer (Green & Kreuter, 1991). According to Pham, et al (2003), biopsy procedures is an effective screening test, confirmation of the diagnosis of cervical cancer which is done through colposcopy aided by dilute acetic acid like vinegar solution to highlight abnormal cells on the surface of the cervix. Precancerous lesions are exposed to cervical intraepithelial neoplasia the potential precursor to cervical cancer which is often diagnosed by a pathologist. For premalignant dysplastic changes the cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grading is used. The subtypes of cancer include; squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, adenosquamous carcinoma, small cell carcinoma, neuroendocrine tumour, glassy cell carcinoma, villoglandular adenocarcinoma. Non-carcinoma malignancies which can rarely occur in the cervix include; melanoma and lymphoma. According to Mock, et al (2007), prevention of cervical cancer

Health record structures in computer-driven formats Essay

Health record structures in computer-driven formats - Essay Example In addition, this structure enables me to perceive of the likely effect of reorganizing health records and any associated medical narrative. Many healthcare institutes, particularly public ones, cannot meet the expense of lowering open medical language to mere postscripts in the strategy of EHRs. EHRs with computer-driven formats is an essential movement towards information system structure that employ natural language dispensation as a major innovation for translating it from unorganized to organized representations (Davis and LaCour, 2014). Health record structures in computer-driven formats are applicable in my work area, systems science, in terms of standardization, organization, and easy control. For electronic health records to exhaust all their potentials and purposes, this data has to be made uniform, structured, and simple to control. This data often includes patients’ symptoms, diseases, allergies, clinical histories, family backdrops, and even billing information (Davis and LaCour, 2014). If this type of data is unstructured and unstandardized, treating these patients with utmost efficiency and economy becomes difficult. Additionally, my work area facilitates paperless offices, a factor that computers today are greatly attributing to. Computer-driven formats will enable me to save time while at work while sharing confidential data regarding a given patient at any given time. Computer-driven formats process workflow in my field at a high rate in contrast to manual, paper formats. The benefits of health record structures in computer-driven formats are more efficiency, lower medication and nursing errors, structured data, and effective medical decision-making processes (Davis and LaCour, 2014). There is a significant drive in the course of doing away with conventional medical transcript and converting the clinical documentation

Labor Ethics in the India and United States Essay

Labor Ethics in the India and United States - Essay Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that India is a huge victim of child labor and there are millions of such kids working in the adverse condition not only in the rural areas but in metropolitan cities as well. According to sources, this frequency was closed to 60 million in 2009-2010. Â  There are numerous reasons behind this child labor among which the most critical is obviously the poverty. Almost 350.46 million people in India are living below the poverty line in 20122. This provides a golden opportunity to the employers looking for cheap labor which can be exploited by them in order to generate the maximum profit margin. Lack of literacy rate in the country is also a major problem which also stems out from poverty. Another important aspect is the absence of SME sector and possession by the major corporation like TATA and Birla in the corporate sector. The child labor issue in the United States though still exists but has been successfully taken care by the authorities th rough nationwide measures. There is a maximum of 800,000 underaged workers that are employed and almost all are in rural areas3. In cities, the rate of child labor is almost down to zero which is not an easy job for the government in a big country. This was possible due to the strict measure by the government against child labor and the awareness they created in the masses. But above all the main cause is the back up of the government in order to facilitate parents in the bringing up their children. Low wages by employers in India is a tool very effectively used by them throughout the country. A daily wages worker of Texport in Bengaluru who is an authorized vendor for world-renowned clothing company Gap told sources that she is only paid 22 paise for an hour4. This is to make sure that she has not enough by the end of the day to take home and has to work late hours which help the company in meeting the orders on time. The main cause behind this low wages is the absence of adequate and strict regulations by the government. On the other hand, low and middle-class people are not encouraged to initiate their own business at small scale.

Internet Technology, Marketing and Security Research Paper

Internet Technology, Marketing and Security - Research Paper Example As a result, businesses have implemented the use of social media technology and application to communicate marketing messages and images to their consumers who have ready access to the communication media (Castronovo & Lei, 2012). Nonetheless, it is notable that many parts of the developed world has not adequately achieved access to computer systems and the internet (Chung & Austria, 2010) as a result of this, the application of social media is largely a phenomenon and concept of the urban community within developing economies because of access to technological infrastructure (Furlow, 2012). The marketing messages which are communicated via social media are passed from one individual to another rather than directly from the company or organization. Therefore, the users of social media in their evaluation of products and services act as a third parties and hence objective and credible sources of information (Lipsman, Mud, Rich & Bruich, 2012). Therefore social media is popularly being applied by business in marketing communication because of the authenticity and credibility that is associated with this form of communication (Castronovo & Lei, 2012). On the other hand, the application of social media in marketing communication has been criticized on the basis that it is informal and less reliable source of marketing communication about products and services (Hill & Moran, 2011). Additionally, it is argued that social media is only popular among specific segments of the market such as the young people (Lipsman, Mud, Rich & Bruich, 2012). This means that some segments of the market are not reached in social media marketing. Because of this, social media... As the essay declares  the popularity of social media as a marketing tool is argued to be a result of the advancement in information and communication technology. The contemporary society is increasingly utilizing technology and particularly the internet for communication and networking. With the advent of social media sites and platforms, the application of technology by individuals, businesses, agencies, organizations and companies has increased gradually.This discussion highlights that  the marketing messages which are communicated via social media are passed from one individual to another rather than directly from the company or organization. Therefore, the users of social media in their evaluation of products and services act as a third parties and hence objective and credible sources of information. Therefore social media is popularly being applied by business in marketing communication because of the authenticity and credibility that is associated with this form of communi cation. On the other hand, the application of social media in marketing communication has been criticized on the basis that it is informal and less reliable source of marketing communication about products and services.  The application of social media platforms in marketing is said to be the most effective way of reaching a large number of audience at no cost. Facebook and Twitter have registered billions of users within their accounts.

Universal Health Coverage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Universal Health Coverage - Essay Example esides medical care, WHO statement regarding universal health coverage also encompasses prevention of diseases, health promotion, correction of behaviour and analgesic care. A meeting held by WHO at their headquarters in Geneva in February 2013 provides a comparable definition of universal health coverage and policy (World Health Organisation, 2013). A similar definition of universal health coverage is in use in the United States of America. The Obama care which is an initiative of the President Barrack Obamas’ government also aims at reducing the amount of money individuals spend on their health coverage (Obama, 2008). Similar initiatives to those of WHO such as taxes, subsidies in health care, insurance and regulations. There is also a push for quality health services between the rich and the poor in both the United States and WHO statement. The health caregivers play an essential role in the delivering of quality medical services across the globe. To achieve quality medical services, there must be an investment in professional medics. The viability of health care providers in the health care development cannot be overlooked. To offer quality services to the population, an increment in the working force in the health department is essential (World Health Organisation, 2013). Some chronic diseases, for example, cancer and diabetes need follow-up by medical practitioners so as to ensure the safety of an individual. The essence of creating a universal health coverage is to improve the health status of a country which subsequently promotes

Emotional Disabilities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Emotional Disabilities - Essay Example The crucial issue for teachers and federal and state authorities issue is to be able to differentiate between misconduct and emotional disability (Doty, 20003). With regards to history, a child or student to be eligible for emotional disability, pertinent evaluations are conducted. The school must conduct psychological testing by a trained school psychologist and the testing includes cognitive testing and social/emotional measures through rating scales, interviews and observations (School Psychologist Files, 2006-2007). In addition, to rule out environmental factors, a socio-cultural evaluation is done by a social worker with a parent of the child to determine a developmental history (School Psychologist Files, 2006-2007). Another issue that poses a challenge to school authorities is determining whether a child has emotional disability/disturbance or is socially maladjusted. A guide used by an educational agency in Michigan addresses this issue by drawing a matrix of characteristics in terms of behavior to differentiate emotionally disturbed and socially maladjusted students (School Psychologist Files, 2006-2007). In terms of definition, the eligibility of a child or student for having emotional disability is currently determined according to criteria set by Individual with Disabilities Act, Public Law 101-476 (Carrol n.d.

Economic policy and global environment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Economic policy and global environment - Essay Example Over the span of the last decade, Singapore’s economy has shown growth at an average rate of 5 percent per annum (Ministry Of Manpower, 2013). Average growth rate of real GDP has been maintained at 8.6 percent between the years 2004 and 2007. Although the growth slackened in 2009 as an influence of the financial that hit almost all countries in the world, the economy rebounded by a growth rate of 14.8 percent in 2010 (CIA, 2013). At present the country’s GDP is $325.1 billion (2012 estimate) (CIA, 2013). This growth has been achieved through increase in productivity in the different sectors in the economy; particularly the financial services sector has depicted significant improvement. Average productivity growth has been nearly 1 percent per annum. The growth rate has matched pace with the productivity growth rate found in other developed nations. The broad range of the citizens of Singapore also enjoyed the benefits of increasing real wage rate. This has in effect led to an increase their standard of living. The government must play an active role in developing a pulsating style of life for the average Singaporean and transform the country into a distinctly recognizable global city and â€Å"a leading cultural capital† (Ministry of Finance, n.d.), containing such good attributes as, openness, integrity and diversity (NPTD, 2013). Growth in productivity allows the country to make it the most excellent place to live and grow, â€Å"a home that provides an outstanding quality of life† (MOF, n.d.) for the people. Utilization of sound financial system: vast public expenditures The remarkable growth in productivity in the economy has been possible through strategic participation of the government sector in the growth process along with the private sector. The government of Singapore has a sound finance system. Unlike those other governments, Singapore does not face the threat of deep slashes in public expenditure or rising tax rates as a n aftermath of financial crisis. Therefore, the Government can make vast expenditures in the field of quality education, research and development, development of infrastructure and communication. A total budget of US $10.6 billion was allocated to the Ministry Of Education Government for FY2012, The major proportion of which has been dedicated to the development of special education schools, poly technique colleges and technical education institutes. This creates a self-directed learner and an active contributor to the state, which enhances productivity (MOF, 2012a). 3.4 percent of the total expenditure mentioned in the budget for the FY2012 has been dedicated to the National Research Fund with the objective of making Singapore a R&D hub and a competitive and innovative economy (MOF, 2012b). In 2011 this expenditure accounted for 2.3 percent of GDP of the country, and in 2010 this proportion was 2.1 percent of the GDP (MOF, 2012b). This shows that the country has focused on improvin g on the productivity via innovation and knowledge-base. A sum of $458.4 million had been allocated for promoting communication technology in FY2012. The strategies were to encourage demand for Infocomm Technology (ICT), create innovative services and establishing policies regulations to sustain new ICT developments (MOF, 2012c). Economic restructuring The Government plays a dominant role in catalysing economic restructur