Wednesday, July 31, 2019

W. H Auden: The Unknown Citizen

The marble monument erected by the state or town is usually of a hometown hero. The person is almost always someone who did well for the country and originated from a certain town. The statue is almost never of someone who is just an ordinary man living life just like everyone else around him. This man is the model citizen; one who never causes a stir, goes to war when asked, and does everything to serve the common good. He is a conformist, a person whom the government holds high and promotes for others to strive toward becoming. The monument covers everything from his job record to his health history, all documented parts of his life, showing the reader exactly what the â€Å"State† is concerned with. Looking at the poem’s structure, use of sound, and the style we see that the man is celebrated because â€Å"he served the Greater Community† (Auden 5) in everything he did and never questioned the government. The narrative structure of the poem represents a speech by the local representative. The statue only has a reference number JS/07/M/378 because to the government the behavior is more important the man himself. While the speaker calls this man, â€Å"in the modern sense of an old-fashioned word, he was a saint† (4), he only knows this because of the research prior to the event. The representative decides to talk about how the man performed all t he correct tasks throughout his life. The state hardly cares whether or not the man â€Å"was popular with his mates and liked a drink† (13) so long as he â€Å"wasn't a scab or odd in his views† (9). It is also important to note that â€Å"he held the proper opinions for the time of year† (23) than if he was â€Å"free† and â€Å"happy† (28). The use of sound reveals that the Unknown Citizen lived an ordinary life. The speaker consistently uses a simple rhyming scheme- â€Å"Our report on his Union shows it was sound/ And our Social Psychology workers found† (11-12) to show the man’s existence. The reader learns that the citizen â€Å"was fully insured† (16) and that â€Å"he was once in hospital but left it cured† (17). The fact that the rhyme scheme is hardly tampered with suggests that the citizen's life was consistently regular and ordinary. The most significant use of sound comes at the end of the poem, when the speaker asks, â€Å"Was he free? Was he happy? The question is absurd:† (28). Here, the speaker reinforces the state's power over the individual and dismisses any notion that happiness and freedom are part of the state's plan. It also forces the reader to acknowledge the state's total control over its citizens and how the man's passive life was led according to the government's will, not his own. Looking at the style and the use of language in The Unknown Citizen it reveals that the man served the state in every aspect of his life and was rewarded to show other people the benefit of doing the same. The poem states that â€Å"there was no official complaint† (2) against this model man and it goes so far as to saying â€Å"he was a saint (4). The speaker describes more of the man's qualities in order to show the people what a model citizen should be like. Thus, he explains that the man â€Å"never got fired, / but satisfied his employers† (7-8) and â€Å"paid his dues† (10) on time. By doing this, the citizen â€Å"had everything necessary to the Modern Man, / a phonograph, a radio, a car and a frigidaire. † (20-21). The man even had the state in mind when he had a family of five children, for he had â€Å"the right number for a parent of his generation† according to the government's â€Å"Eugenist† (26). For those citizens who may have doubted whether the man's existence was an ideal one, the speaker explains that questioning whether or not the citizen was happy â€Å"is absurd† (28) because only the man's servitude to the state is important. The overall theme of the poem can be viewed as a symbol as a whole, as it is a symbol of how the government treats conformists versus individuals. A symbol can be found in the line â€Å"Our researchers into Public Opinion are content / That he held the proper opinions for the time of year;† (22-23). â€Å"Public Opinion,† which is capitalized, is very important to the â€Å"State,† as they feel if they can control opinion, they can control people, because most people will just go with the flow. It is through these subtle symbols that Auden is able to reveal how he feels about conforming to government xpectations, as most writers stray from conform. Yet despite the state's assurances, the Unknown Citizen's monument is still dedicated to a reference number instead of an actual name. Being a model citizen does not amount to much in a country where one's freedom and liberty are nonexistent and one's entire life is planned by the state. Indeed, the man's inscription illustrates this point: â€Å"To JS/07/M/378 / This Marble Monument is Erected by the State† follows the familiar rhyme scheme that marked the man's passive life.

Tuesday, July 30, 2019

Ethical Delima

This case presents an ethical dilemma, a situation which arises when one must choose between mutually exclusive alternatives (Beauchamp& Walters, 2003). Decisions may have results that are desirable in some respects and undesirable in others. In Juana's case, her decision to refuse the blood transfusion had the desired outcome of allowing her to remain true to her religious beliefs. However, her choice also resulted in her death. If she had followed the recommendation of the physicians and the team, the desirable outcome would have been possible survival but would have had the undesired effect of violating her religious principles.The major ethical dilemma was that by honoring the patient's autonomy and religious beliefs, the physicians and interdisciplinary team were faced with compromising their moral duty to administer professional care in accordance with established standards (Chua & Tham, 2006). A brief review of the literature of Nursing Collection II: Lippincott Nursing Journa ls (from Ovid) and CINAHL databases for the past 5 years found no evidence to support best practice for a Jehovah's Witness who is pregnant and has experienced blunt trauma.Healthcare providers faced with this situation have sometimes attempted to obtain court orders that would overrule the patient's decision and result in her submitting to recommended medical treatment. For example, the Illinois Supreme Court (Illinois v. Brown, 1996) upheld a mother's decision to refuse blood transfusions even though they were vital for both the mother's and fetus' survival. The Patient's Bill of Rights states that the healthcare providers' responsibility is to give patients accurate information and that patients must consent to treatment (New York State Department of Health, 2008).This is consistent with the Federal government's recommendations to create guidelines that assure healthcare quality and to reaffirm the critical role consumers play in safeguarding their own health, (United States Depa rtment of Health and Human Services, 1999). Nursing practice is governed by the patient's right to autonomy rather than her religious beliefs (Levy, 1999). The first item in the American Nurses Association (ANA) Code for Nurses with Interpretative Statements (2001) addresses respect for human dignity:â€Å"Truth telling and the process of reaching informed choice underlie the exercise of self-determination, which is basic to respect for person †¦ Clients have the moral right to determine what will be done with their own person; to be given accurate information, and all the information necessary for making informed judgments; to be assisted with weighing the benefits and burdens of options in their treatment; to accept, refuse, or terminate treatment without coercion; and to be given necessary emotional support† (p. 1).However, it is difficult to witness death based on a person's decision to forgo care when medical options to sustain life are available. Treating this type of patient becomes particularly challenging when it involves two lives. Virtue ethics To analyze this ethical dilemma, the principles of Western medicine and the religious beliefs of Jehovah's Witnesses were examined. The questions that surfaced were (a) how would the application of virtue ethics provide insight into Juana's situation, (b) what were the ethical principles in conflict, and (c) why was it an issue to administer a blood transfusion to Juana in an emergency situation.Volbrecht's framework for ethical analysis was utilized to address the clinical dilemma and the questions listed above. Virtue ethics was the primary theory employed prior to the 17th century. This theory centers on shared familial and cultural histories and religious traditions and acknowledges the community's ability to identify, interpret, prioritize, and adjust to moral considerations within a particular context (Volbrecht, 2002). The following is an exposition of this case according to virtue ethics. Virtue ethics focuses on what is morally correct from the patient's viewpoint and centers on the patient's autonomy.Actions and character are intertwined, and the ability to act morally is contingent on one's moral character and integrity. Virtue ethics focuses on the context of the situation (Volbrecht, 2002). Ethical analysis of virtue ethics entails (a) identifying the problem, (b) analyzing context, (c) exploring options, (d) applying the decision process, and (e) implementing the plan and evaluating results (Volbrecht, 2002). Identifying the problem Juana, a 20-year-old Hispanic woman, 32 weeks pregnant, was involved in a car accident. Internal bleeding to the thoracic or abdominal cavity was suspected.The stakeholders were the woman, her husband, the fetus, and the interdisciplinary healthcare team. The team thought the best method of treatment for this patient was to administer a blood transfusion and perform an emergency cesarean section. Both the patient and her husband ref used this option because of their religious beliefs and provided written documentation indicating that the patient would not accept blood or blood products. The value issues were the physical survival of the woman and her fetus versus the woman's religious integrity. Analyzing contextTo understand the decision-making process in this case, one must consider the ethical principles of autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, justice, compassion, and respect. The patient's religious beliefs and how they influenced her decision must also be taken into consideration. Gardiner (2003) confirms that the ethical principles mentioned above influence one's choices. In Juana's case, the healthcare team suspected she was experiencing internal bleeding and that she and the fetus were in physiological distress. Juana's decision to reject the proposed treatment was based on her stated religious beliefs.The contextual factors of this case centered on the patient's religious beliefs. The patient stated she would â€Å"rather be embraced in the hollow bosom of Jehovah than to be condemned for all eternity,† if she should receive a blood transfusion. Nurses draw from the code of ethics to reflect upon and understand the person's perspective, and to honor her wishes. â€Å"The nurse provides services with respect for human dignity and the uniqueness of the client, unrestricted by considerations of social or economic status, personal attributes or the nature of the health problem† (ANA, 2001, p.1). To respect the patient's decision and honor her dignity, supportive care was provided to the patient in an effort to save her life, while at the same time respecting her wishes. The ANA Code of Ethics supports the point of view that healthcare providers should respect patients' wishes and decisions despite their own personal beliefs (ANA, 2001). Applying an ethical decision process Looking through the lens of virtue ethics, the caregivers focused on Juana's autonomy and her ri ght to choose what she perceived best in spite of the possible outcomes.Juana was a competent, pregnant woman who made informed decisions not to receive blood transfusions or a caesarean section. Based on virtue ethics, the healthcare providers respected the patient's autonomy by reflecting on and honoring the decision of the patient and her husband based on her religious values and beliefs. The healthcare providers also drew on the principle of beneficence, which centers on promoting the well-being of others. In this case, the well-being was not physiological but spiritually oriented.The principle of nonmaleficence was also employed by not intentionally inflicting harm on the patient and honoring her wishes. Violation of a client's deeply held beliefs is a form of doing harm. (Leonard & Plotnikoff, 2000). They also drew from the principles of veracity and respect, which entail being truthful to the patient and allowing her to make an informed decision (Volbrecht, 2002). The nursing virtues of compassion, moral courage, and self-reliance also contribute to an understanding of this situation. Evaluating resultsAt the time this clinical situation presented itself there were no specific guidelines in the institution for dealing with the dilemma presented by this case. However, there are guidelines for Jehovah's Witnesses specifically geared to early identification and management of gynecological patients. For example, in Australasia, there are specific guidelines for treating pregnant women that focus on stabilizing the patient by using traditional and new treatment modalities to meet patient needs, particularly for Jehovah's Witnesses or other patients who decline blood transfusions (Women's Hospitals Australasia, 2005).For antepartum patients, the guidelines focus on early identification of Jehovah's Witnesses during prenatal visits, as well as placing these patients on a high risk protocol, including maintenance of high hemoglobin and hematocrit levels, having advance directives completed, and establishing affiliations with other hospitals that are well-equipped and staffed to meet these patients' needs (Women's Hospitals Australasia, 2005). The Hartford Hospital in Connecticut has a similar program and also performs bloodless procedures on patients who are Jehovah's Witnesses (Miller, 1996).As a result of Juana's case being reviewed by the ethics committee post-mortem, a risk-management protocol was developed requiring patients who refuse blood transfusions to sign a waiver that removes the legal responsibility for the decision from the hospital and caregivers. To support this type of protocol, the Society for the Advancement of Blood Management maintains a database of hospitals that provide blood-conserving services in the United States as well as in Canada, Chile, Korea, and South Africa (Society for the Advancement of Blood Management, 2008).The problem, however, in an emergency situation is that it may not be possible to get the pat ient to a participating hospital. The Watchtower Bible and Tract Society (2004) recommends that advance directives and other legal papers be in place should an emergency arise. These documents should be easily accessible so that healthcare providers can honor the patient's directives. In so doing, they will be applying the theory of virtue ethics and, therefore, respect the patient's wishes (Macklin, 2003).Healthcare providers should practice beneficence and non-maleficence without imposing their beliefs as to the right thing to do. More explicit and universal guidelines would benefit both patients and providers when faced with similar ethical dilemmas. Conclusion In nursing practice, cases of patients refusing blood transfusions or other interventions are becoming more common. Therefore, content regarding ethical issues, such as Juana's case, needs to be integrated into nursing curricula and the clinical arena.Nursing educators who incorporate bioethics into critical thinking in cl inical decision making situations can prepare novice and experienced nurses to handle complex ethical dilemmas, such as described in this paper. The learning process may be facilitated through integrating lectures with case studies and utilizing patient simulators to further enhance the learning process (Larew et al. , 2006).These teaching approaches would provide the opportunity to expose nurses to scenarios of acute patients where they can intervene in a safe environment, which in turn would decrease their anxiety and promote learning. Nurse educators can further facilitate the learning process by providing clinical experiences with diverse patient populations in a variety of settings followed by discussion of actual clinical experiences, ethical issues, and debriefing (Larew et al. , 2006).Nursing faculty have an ethical responsibility to prepare competent nurses and facilitate continuing education that will help nurses recognize ethical dilemmas in practice and apply ethical pri nciples in trying to resolve them. The focus in practice, education, and research must be on providing care that respects patients' cultural beliefs and autonomy. Nursing educators should place equal emphasis on ethics in order to provide the best holistic care possible. To do anything else is a disservice both to the profession and to our patients.

Conclusion and managerial implications Essay

A streak is a short period of good or bad luck. A team is said to have a winning streak when it wins many games consecutively, and to have a loosing streak when it looses many matches in a row. It is quite easy to say that a team has good players, and therefore has a high chance of winning. Upon closer consideration, though, it may become apparent that the skill and style of play of the teams playing against them has an important part to play, and so are other factors like coaching and the spirit in the players. In this work, we have considered some variables that appear likely to influence the team’s chance of winning. Specifically, we chose opponent 3-points per game, team 3-points per game, team free throws per game, team turnovers per game, opponent turnovers per game, team rebounds per game and opponent rebounds per game as key determining variables in determining the winning chance of a basketball team. We had to deal with the occurrence unusually large or small values in the data, since they affect the final outcome. Therefore we formed a multiple regression model for prediction, and modified it until we came up with a model with six variables. Our model can be trusted to predict the chance of a team winning by up to 80%, and the percentage win can be predicted with an error margin 0. 1479 percentage points about 95% of the time. Our model showed us that the more turnovers a team has and the more rebounds from an opponent, the less the chance of winning. However, the more 3-point shots, free throws and rebounds made, and the more turnovers an opponent makes, the greater a team’s chance of winning. 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive summary 2 Objective of the study 4 Data description 5 Technical report 6 – 12 Conclusion and managerial implications 14 Appendices Appendix I: Descriptive statistics for the variables 15 Appendix II: Box plots for the variables 16 Appendix III: Scatter plots, winning chance vs. each variable 17 Appendix IV: Multiple regression details for 8-variable model 20 Appendix V: Residual plots for the 8 variables 21 Appendix VI: Best subsets regression details 23 Appendix VII: Regression details for 5-variable model 24. Appendix VIII: Residual Plots for 5 variables 26 Appendix IX: Regression excluding residual outliers for 5-variable model 28 Appendix X: Regression for 6-variable model 29 Appendix XI: Residual plots for 6-variable model 30 Appendix XII: (a) The final regression model 32 Appendix XII: (b) Residual plots for the final regression model 33 4 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY The objective of his study is to create a regression model for predicting the percentage wining of a basketball team among many basketball teams in a particular basketball season. Regression analysis is a method that aids us in predicting the outcome of a variable, given the values of one or more other (independent) variables. The model thus obtained is examined to ascertain the reliability of its prediction. In our analysis, therefore, we are out to examine a multiple regression model that we shall build, and improve on it until we find the best model for the job. We are motivated by the fact that fans of teams every now and then go into arguments (and even betting) about what chance there is for a particular team to win. Winning a game, we believe, is not entirely a chance occurrence. We therefore want to investigate what factors can be expected to determine the winning chance of a team. We do not expect to get a magical model, but that we will have to modify our model until its predictive ability has been greatly improved. The importance of this work lies in the fact that, without accurate knowledge of the most influential factors affecting a phenomenon, one may end up spending a lot of resources (time, energy and money) on a factor that might not be so important, at the expense of the really important factors. This results in a lot of input with no corresponding output, thereby leading to frustration. This can be especially true in sports and related activities. This work is our little contribution to more efficient planning and sport outing for a basketball team. 5 DATA DESCRIPTION The data that we have used is taken from †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ It presents the statistics for sixty-eight (68) teams in a sporting season. Therefore we shall not be going into issues of time series or other techniques that come into play when dealing with data that has been collected over an extended period. The data presents a list of 68 basketball teams. Each team has played a number of games in a particular basketball sporting season. The spreadsheet contains a lot of information on these 68 teams, such as their winning percentage and vital statistics of the games played in this particular season. In this work, we are going to designate a dependent variable (Y) and seven independent variables (X1, X2, X3, X4, X5, X6 and X7). The variables are defined as follows: Y = Winning Percentage X1 = Opponent’s 3-point per game X2 = Team’s 3-point per game X3 = Team’s free throws pr game X4 = Team’s turnover per game X5 = Opponent’s turnover per game X6 = Team’s rebound per game X7 = Opponent’s rebound per game With the above variables, we shall formulate a regression model for the winning percentage of a team in this data. 6 TECHNICAL REPORT 6. 1 Preliminaries Our first task, having obtained the data, is to examine the descriptive statistics for each of our independent variables. The Minitab result is presented in Appendix I. The data appears to be normally distributed, since the mean and median are close. To further verify this, we will look at the box plots for each of the variables. The box plots reveal that the data is normally distributed, except for â€Å"turnover per game† and â€Å"opponent turnover per game† with one outlier each, and â€Å"home rebound per game† with three outliers. The Box plots are presented in Appendix II. To further understand our data, we still look at the scatter plots of each variable against the winning percentage. This will show us the extent to which each of then influence the winning percentage. Although this is not the final regression model, it presents us with marginal regression relationships between each variable and the winning percentage. The details of the results are presented in Appendix III. The marginal regressions reveal that some of the variables are more influential to the winning percentage than others, but we note that this is not the final regression model yet. On close examination, we observe that Opponent’s 3-point per game accounts for very little of the chances of winning a game, and in fact is negatively correlated with percentage wins of a team. A similar case arises concerning Team’s turnover per game, only that the relationship is even weaker here. The same goes for Team’s rebound per game. The rest exhibit a positive correlation. The strongest correlation observable from the scatter plots is that of Team’s free throws per game, and the weakest positive correlation is that of Opponent’s turnover per game. 6. 2 6. 4. 1 7 Regression analysis is a very useful analysis tool. Moreover, with the aid of modern computers, data analysis is even easier (and sometimes fun) to carry out. The final model we have been able to come up with will help in predicting the winning chance of a basketball team. We would like to state here that our model does not have magical powers of prediction. The predictive accuracy of the model has been stated in the body of this work, and shows us that it does not incorporate EVERY variable that affects the winning chance of a team. It is common knowledge that factors like the co-operation between team management and players, relationship among players, the individual skills of the players and the support of a team’s fans play a very important role in a team’s ability to win a game, and so do many other factors. Yet these factors cannot be quantitatively described so as to be included in the model. Nevertheless, we believe that the variables we have analyzed have very important roles to play, and therefore should not be ignored. We therefore recommend, based on our findings, that a team should strategize its game so as to minimize their turnovers, since from our model they have the strongest negative effect on their winning chance. Similarly, the opponent’s rebound will do damage. On the other hand, a basketball team should, as much as possible, maximize their 3-point shots, free throws, rebounds and the opponent’s turnovers, since according to our model, these have a positive influence on their winning chance. Finally to the sports fan, you can know what to expect from a team if you can observe the above-mentioned variables. So, instead of raising your heart rate in blind anticipation, you can assess for yourself the chance that your favorite team will not let you down. In the meantime, we wish you the best of luck! 8 APPENDIXES 8. 1 APPENDIX I: Descriptive Statistics for the variables 1. Descriptive Statistics Variable N N* Mean SE Mean StDev Variance Minimum Winning percentage 68 0 0. 5946 0. 0197 0. 1625 0. 0264 0. 2333 Opp 3-point per game 68 0 6. 318 0. 107 0. 880 0. 774 3. 788 3-point per game 68 0 6. 478 0. 161 1. 326 1. 757 3. 645 Free throws per game 68 0 14. 203 0. 280 2. 307 5. 323 8. 536 Turn-over, pg 68 0 14. 086 0. 164 1. 355 1. 835 10. 974 Opponent Turn-over,pg 68 0 14. 755 0. 192 1. 583 2. 506 11. 438 Home rebound per game 68 0 35. 380 0. 389 3. 209 10. 297 27. 323 Oppnt rebound per game 68 0 33. 841 0. 258 2. 128 4. 528 28. 970 Variable Q1 Median Q3 Maximum Range IQR Winning percentage 0. 4707 0. 5938 0. 7403 0. 9487 0. 7154 0. 2696 Opp 3-point per game 5. 688 6. 323 6. 956 8. 138 4. 350 1. 268 3-point per game 5. 782 6. 433 7. 413 9. 471 5. 825 1. 631 Free throws per game 12. 619 14. 322 15. 883 19. 568 11. 032 3. 264 Turn-over, pg 13. 116 14. 000 14. 875 17. 656 6. 682 1. 759 Opponent Turn-over,pg 13. 574 14. 769 15. 514 18. 406 6. 969 1. 939 Home rebound per game 33. 304 35. 383 37. 063 45. 548 18. 226 3. 758 Oppnt rebound per game 32. 611 33. 754 35. 047 39. 938 10. 968 2. 436 2. Descriptive Statistics: Winning percentage Variable N N* Mean SE Mean StDev Minimum Q1 Median Winning percentage 68 0 0. 5946 0. 0197 0. 1625 0. 2333 0. 4707 0. 5938 Variable Q3 Maximum IQR Variance Range Winning percentage 0. 7403 0. 9487 0. 2696 0. 026 o. 7154 8. 2 APPENDIX II: Box Plots for the variables 8. 3 APPENDIX III: Scatter Plots (With Corresponding Regression Equations) Regression Analysis: Winning percentage versus Opp 3-point per game The regression equation is Winning percentage = 0. 729 – 0. 0212 Opp 3-point per game S = 0. 162686 R-Sq = 1. 3% R-Sq(adj) = 0. 0% Regression Analysis: Winning percentage versus 3-point per game The regression equation is Winning percentage = 0. 397 + 0. 0304 3-point per game S = 0. 158646 R-Sq = 6. 2% R-Sq(adj) = 4. 7% Regression Analysis: Winning percentage versus Free throws per game The regression equation is Winning percentage = 0. 058 + 0. 0378 Free throws per game S = 0. 138185 R-Sq = 28. 8% R-Sq(adj) = 27. 7% Regression Analysis: Winning percentage versus Turn-over, pg The regression equation is Winning percentage = 1. 14 – 0. 0387 Turn-over, pg S = 0. 155019 R-Sq = 10. 4% R-Sq(adj) = 9. 0% Regression Analysis: Winning percentage versus Opponent Turn-over,pg The regression equation is Winning percentage = 0. 293 + 0. 0204 Opponent Turn-over,pg S = 0. 160503 R-Sq = 4. 0% R-Sq(adj) = 2. 5% Regression Analysis: Winning percentage versus Home rebound per game The regression equation is Winning percentage = – 0. 243 + 0. 0237 Home rebound per game S = 0. 144773 R-Sq = 21. 9% R-Sq(adj) = 20. 7% Regression Analysis: Winning percentage versus Oppnt rebound per game The regression equation is Winning percentage = 1. 44 – 0. 0249 Oppnt rebound per game S = 0. 154803 R-Sq = 10. 7% R-Sq(adj) = 9. 3% 8. 4 APPENDIX IV: Multiple Regression Details Regression Analysis: Winning perc versus 3-point per , Free throws , †¦ The regression equation is Winning percentage = 0. 633 + 0. 0224 3-point per game + 0. 0176 Free throws per game – 0. 0622 Turn-over, pg + 0. 0414 Opponent Turn-over,pg + 0. 0267 Home rebound per game – 0. 0296 Oppnt rebound per game – 0. 0172 Opp 3-point per game Predictor Coef SE Coef T P Constant 0. 6327 0. 2123 2. 98 0. 004 3-point per game 0. 022369 0. 007221 3. 10 0. 003 Free throws per game 0. 017604 0. 005720 3. 08 0. 003 Turn-over, pg -0. 062214 0. 007380 -8. 43 0. 000 Opponent Turn-over,pg 0. 041398 0. 006398 6. 47 0. 000 Home rebound per game 0. 026699 0. 004175 6. 39 0. 000 Oppnt rebound per game -0. 029645 0. 004594 -6. 45 0. 000 Opp 3-point per game -0. 01724 0. 01130 -1. 53 0. 132 S = 0. 0747588 R-Sq = 81. 1% R-Sq(adj) = 78. 8% Analysis of Variance Source DF SS MS F P Regression 7 1. 43486 0. 20498 36. 68 0. 000 Residual Error 60 0. 33533 0. 00559 Total 67 1. 77019 Source DF Seq SS 3-point per game 1 0. 10906 Free throws per game 1 0. 53614 Turn-over, pg 1 0. 24618 Opponent Turn-over,pg 1 0. 13117 Home rebound per game 1 0. 13403 Oppnt rebound per game 1 0. 26527 Opp 3-point per game 1 0. 01302 Unusual Observations 3-point Winning Obs per game percentage Fit SE Fit Residual St Resid 2 4. 59 0. 79412 0. 63575 0. 02114 0. 15837 2. 21R 27 6. 60 0. 76667 0. 60456 0. 01272 0. 16211 2. 20R 30 6. 21 0. 50000 0. 65441 0. 01571 -0. 15441 -2. 11R 45 4. 75 0. 25000 0. 39253 0. 02404 -0. 14253 -2. 01R R denotes an observation with a large standardized residual. 8. 5 APPENDIX V: Residuals plots for the 8 variables 8. 6 APPENDIX VI: Best Subsets Regression Best Subsets Regression: Winning perc versus Opp 3-point , 3-point per , †¦ Response is Winning percentage O O H p O F p o p p r p m n p e o e t e n 3 3 e r r – – t n e e p p h t b b o o r T o o i i o u T u u n n w r u n n t t s n r d d – n p p p o – p p e e e v o e e r r r e v r r r e g g g , r g g a a a , a a Mallows m m m p p m m. Vars R-Sq R-Sq(adj) Cp S e e e g g e e 1 28. 8 27. 7 161. 5 0. 13818 X 1 21. 9 20. 7 183. 5 0. 14477 X 2 46. 9 45. 3 106. 1 0. 12021 X X 2 41. 2 39. 4 124. 4 0. 12658 X X 3 55. 2 53. 1 81. 7 0. 11126 X X X 3 54. 9 52. 8 82. 9 0. 11172 X X X 4 73. 8 72. 2 24. 9 0. 085772 X X X X 4 65. 1 62. 9 52. 4 0. 098958 X X X X 5 77. 7 75. 9 14. 6 0. 079790 X X X X X 5 76. 8 74. 9 17. 6 0. 081431 X X X X X. 6 80. 3 78. 4 8. 3 0. 075569 X X X X X X 6 78. 1 75. 9 15. 5 0. 079781 X X X X X X 7 81. 1 78. 8 8. 0 0. 074759 X X X X X X X 8. 7 APPENDIX VII: Regression Analysis with Five Variables Regression Analysis The regression equation is Winning percentage = 0. 528 + 0. 0250 3-point per game – 0. 0631 Turn-over, pg + 0. 0471 Opponent Turn-over,pg + 0. 0349 Home rebound per game – 0. 0336 Oppnt rebound per game Predictor Coef SE Coef T P Constant 0. 5280 0. 2213 2. 39 0. 020 3-point per game 0.025031 0. 007617 3. 29 0. 002. Turn-over, pg -0. 063103 0. 007859 -8. 03 0. 000 Opponent Turn-over,pg 0. 047061 0. 006531 7. 21 0. 000 Home rebound per game 0. 034908 0. 003176 10. 99 0. 000 Oppnt rebound per game -0. 033572 0. 004713 -7. 12 0. 000 S = 0. 0797903 R-Sq = 77. 7% R-Sq(adj) = 75. 9% Analysis of Variance Source DF SS MS F P Regression 5 1. 37547 0. 27509 43. 21 0. 000 Residual Error 62 0. 39472 0. 00637 Total 67 1. 77019 Source DF Seq SS 3-point per game 1 0. 10906. Turn-over, pg 1 0. 13137 Opponent Turn-over,pg 1 0. 15696 Home rebound per game 1 0. 65508 Oppnt rebound per game 1 0. 32300 Unusual Observations 3-point Winning Obs per game percentage Fit SE Fit Residual St Resid 8 4. 13 0. 83333 0. 66281 0. 02375 0. 17053 2. 24R 13 6. 79 0. 55172 0. 72095 0. 02073 -0. 16923 -2. 20R 27 6. 60 0. 76667 0. 60253 0. 01331 0. 16414 2. 09R 30 6. 21 0. 50000 0. 66321 0. 01474 -0. 16321 -2. 08R 45 4. 75 0. 25000 0. 41575 0. 02187 -0. 16575 -2. 16R. R denotes an observation with a large standardized residual. APPENDIX VII (Continued): Descriptive Statistics for five Variables Descriptive Statistics Variable N N* Mean SE Mean StDev Variance Minimum Winning percentage 68 0 0. 5946 0. 0197 0. 1625 0. 0264 0. 2333 3-point per game 68 0 6. 478 0. 161 1. 326 1. 757 3. 645 Turn-over, pg 68 0 14. 086 0. 164 1. 355 1. 835 10. 974 Opponent Turn-over,pg 68 0 14. 755 0. 192 1. 583 2. 506 11. 438 Home rebound per game 68 0 35. 380 0. 389 3. 209 10. 297 27. 323 Oppnt rebound per game 68 0 33. 841 0. 258 2. 128 4. 528 28. 970 Variable Q1 Median Q3 Maximum Range IQR Winning percentage 0. 4707 0. 5938 0. 7403 0. 9487 0. 7154 0. 2696 3-point per game 5. 782 6. 433 7. 413 9. 471 5. 825 1. 631 Turn-over, pg 13. 116 14. 000 14. 875 17. 656 6. 682 1. 759 Opponent Turn-over,pg 13. 574 14. 769 15. 514 18. 406 6. 969 1. 939 Home rebound per game 33. 304 35. 383 37. 063 45. 548 18. 226 3. 758 Oppnt rebound per game 32. 611 33. 754 35. 047 39.938 10. 968 2. 436 8. 8. APPENDIX VIII: Residual Plots for 5 variables 8. 9 APPENDIX IX: Regression Excluding Residual Outliers Regression Analysis: The regression equation is Winning percentage = 0. 487 + 0. 0184 Free throws per game + 0. 0240 Opponent Turn-over,pg + 0. 0188 Home rebound per game – 0. 0303 Oppnt rebound per game – 0. 0243 Opp 3-point per game Predictor Coef SE Coef T P Constant 0. 4873 0. 2956 1. 65 0. 105 Free throws per game 0. 018444 0. 009412 1. 96 0. 055 Opponent Turn-over,pg 0. 024021 0. 009784 2. 46 0. 017 Home rebound per game 0. 018835 0. 006555 2. 87 0. 006 Oppnt rebound per game -0. 030258 0. 007625 -3. 97 0. 000 Opp 3-point per game -0. 02428 0. 02129 -1. 14 0. 259 S = 0. 118905 R-Sq = 49. 8% R-Sq(adj) = 45. 7% Analysis of Variance Source DF SS MS F P Regression 5 0. 84309 0. 16862 11. 93 0. 000 Residual Error 60 0. 84831 0. 01414 Total 65 1. 69140 Source DF Seq SS Free throws per game 1 0. 47458 Opponent Turn-over,pg 1 0. 03295 Home rebound per game 1 0. 04175 Oppnt rebound per game 1 0. 27543 Opp 3-point per game 1 0. 01839 Unusual Observations Free throws Winning Obs per game percentage Fit SE Fit Residual St Resid 12 12. 2 0. 3333 0. 5854 0. 0270 -0. 2521 -2. 18R 34 12. 2 0. 9487 0. 6218 0. 0297 0. 3269 2. 84R 42 14. 5 0. 2333 0. 5227 0. 0400 -0. 2893 -2. 58R 43 12. 5 0. 2500 0. 4925 0. 0367 -0. 2425 -2. 14R R denotes an observation with a large standardized residual. 8. 10 APPENDIX X: Regression with 6 Variables Regression Analysis: Winning perc versus 3-point per , Free throws , †¦ The regression equation is Winning percentage = 0. 565 + 0. 0239 3-point per game + 0. 0163 Free throws per game – 0. 0630 Turn-over, pg + 0. 0436 Opponent Turn-over,pg + 0. 0265 Home rebound per game – 0. 0310 Oppnt rebound per game Predictor Coef SE Coef T P Constant 0. 5654 0. 2100 2. 69 0. 009 3-point per game 0. 023949 0. 007224 3. 32 0. 002 Free throws per game 0. 016290 0. 005717 2. 85 0. 006 Turn-over, pg -0. 062984 0. 007443 -8. 46 0. 000 Opponent Turn-over,pg 0. 043571 0. 006305 6. 91 0. 000 Home rebound per game 0. 026482 0. 004218 6. 28 0. 000 Oppnt rebound per game -0. 031028 0. 004552 -6. 82 0. 000 S = 0. 0755690 R-Sq = 80. 3% R-Sq(adj) = 78. 4% Analysis of Variance Source DF SS MS F P Regression 6 1. 42184 0. 23697 41. 50 0. 000 Residual Error 61 0. 34835 0. 00571 Total 67 1. 77019 Source DF Seq SS 3-point per game 1 0. 10906 Free throws per game 1 0. 53614 Turn-over, pg 1 0. 24618 Opponent Turn-over,pg 1 0. 13117 Home rebound per game 1 0. 13403. Oppnt rebound per game 1 0. 26527 Unusual Observations 3-point Winning Obs per game percentage Fit SE Fit Residual St Resid 27 6. 60 0. 76667 0. 60084 0. 01262 0. 16582 2. 23R 44 6. 03 0. 23333 0. 38536 0. 02559 -0. 15202 -2. 14R 45 4. 75 0. 25000 0. 41158 0. 02076 -0. 16158 -2. 22R R denotes an observation with a large standardized residual. 8. 11 APPENDIX XI: Residual Plots for the 6-variable Model 8. 12 APPENDIX XII (a): The Final Regression Model. Regression Analysis: Winning perc versus 3-point per , Free throws , †¦ The regression equation is Winning percentage = 0. 604 + 0. 0226 3-point per game + 0. 0167 Free throws per game – 0. 0660 Turn-over, pg + 0. 0420 Opponent Turn-over,pg + 0. 0256 Home rebound per game – 0. 0292 Oppnt rebound per game Predictor Coef SE Coef T P Constant 0. 6038 0. 2065 2. 92 0. 005 3-point per game 0. 022564 0. 007108 3. 17 0. 002 Free throws per game 0. 016706 0. 005600 2. 98 0. 004 Turn-over, pg -0. 066016 0. 007456 -8. 85 0. 000 Opponent Turn-over,pg 0. 041969 0. 006229 6. 74 0. 000 Home rebound per game 0. 025649 0. 004152 6. 18 0. 000 Oppnt rebound per game -0. 029173 0. 004561 -6. 40 0. 000 S = 0. 0739739 R-Sq = 80. 8% R-Sq(adj) = 78. 8% Analysis of Variance Source DF SS MS F P Regression 6 1. 37853 0. 22976 41. 99 0. 000 Residual Error 60 0. 32833 0. 00547 Total 66 1. 70686 Source DF Seq SS 3-point per game 1 0. 10202 Free throws per game 1 0. 50620 Turn-over, pg 1 0. 30758 Opponent Turn-over,pg 1 0. 11512 Home rebound per game 1 0. 12372. Oppnt rebound per game 1 0. 22390 Unusual Observations 3-point Winning Obs per game percentage Fit SE Fit Residual St Resid 26 6. 60 0. 76667 0. 60237 0. 01238 0. 16429 2. 25R 29 6. 21 0. 50000 0. 64694 0. 01477 -0. 14694 -2. 03R 43 6. 03 0. 23333 0. 38546 0. 02505 -0. 15213 -2. 19R 44 4. 75 0. 25000 0. 41580 0. 02045 -0. 16580 -2. 33R R denotes an observation with a large standardized residual. APPENDIX XII (b): Residual Plots for the final regression model. APPENDIXXII (b): Continued REFERENCES Please state the source of data here.

Monday, July 29, 2019

Health promotion Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Health promotion - Research Paper Example These strategies are supported by five priority action areas as outlined in the Ottawa Charter for health promotion; build healthy public policy, create supportive environments for health, strengthen community action for health, develop personal skills and re-orient health services. Three of the most common health problems that affect people include cervical cancer, obesity and Hypertension (HTN). Cervical Cancer Considered a prevalent condition among the immigrant Americans, cervical cancer is associated with numerous risk factors; against which campaign are fostered to curb the its effects. Although vaccination against cervical cancer is available, timely testing and screening aid in the prevention and management; ultimately reducing the incidence by 80%. Rampant cases in the US are reported among the Vietnamese and non-Latina women immigrants largely associated with limited access to Pap testing. Drastic measures to curb the disparities include awareness campaigns, encouraging adm inistration of primary care by PCPs, and increase patient-provider communication. Cervix in relation to upper part of vagina and posterior portion of uterus The cervix is the narrow portion of the uterus where it joins with the top of the vagina. Most cancers of the cervix are squamous cell carcinomas which are in the flattened epithelial cells that line the cervix. Symptoms such as pelvic pain, heavy bleeding from the vagina, leaking of urine or faeces from the vagina, back pain, leg pain, single swollen leg, loss of appetite, weight loss, fatigue, and bone fractures indicate advanced cervical cancer (Green & Kreuter, 1991). Certain risk factors according to the American cancer society include: Chlamydia infection, multiple pregnancies, exposure to the hormonal drug diethylstilbestrol stress and stress related disorders, HPV infection, smoking, HIV infection, diatary factors, hormonal contraception, and family history of cervical cancer. Other risk factors especially for young pers ons are: early age at first intercourse and first pregnancy, compounded by early use of oral contraceptives. There has not been any definitive evidence to support the claim that circumcision of the male partner reduces the risk of cervical cancer, although some researchers say there is compelling epidemiological evidence that men who have been circumcised are less likely to be infected with HPV. However, in men with low-risk sexual behaviour and monogamous female partners, circumcision makes no difference to the risk of cervical cancer (Green & Kreuter, 1991). According to Pham, et al (2003), biopsy procedures is an effective screening test, confirmation of the diagnosis of cervical cancer which is done through colposcopy aided by dilute acetic acid like vinegar solution to highlight abnormal cells on the surface of the cervix. Precancerous lesions are exposed to cervical intraepithelial neoplasia the potential precursor to cervical cancer which is often diagnosed by a pathologist. For premalignant dysplastic changes the cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grading is used. The subtypes of cancer include; squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, adenosquamous carcinoma, small cell carcinoma, neuroendocrine tumour, glassy cell carcinoma, villoglandular adenocarcinoma. Non-carcinoma malignancies which can rarely occur in the cervix include; melanoma and lymphoma. According to Mock, et al (2007), prevention of cervical cancer

Sunday, July 28, 2019

Health record structures in computer-driven formats Essay

Health record structures in computer-driven formats - Essay Example In addition, this structure enables me to perceive of the likely effect of reorganizing health records and any associated medical narrative. Many healthcare institutes, particularly public ones, cannot meet the expense of lowering open medical language to mere postscripts in the strategy of EHRs. EHRs with computer-driven formats is an essential movement towards information system structure that employ natural language dispensation as a major innovation for translating it from unorganized to organized representations (Davis and LaCour, 2014). Health record structures in computer-driven formats are applicable in my work area, systems science, in terms of standardization, organization, and easy control. For electronic health records to exhaust all their potentials and purposes, this data has to be made uniform, structured, and simple to control. This data often includes patients’ symptoms, diseases, allergies, clinical histories, family backdrops, and even billing information (Davis and LaCour, 2014). If this type of data is unstructured and unstandardized, treating these patients with utmost efficiency and economy becomes difficult. Additionally, my work area facilitates paperless offices, a factor that computers today are greatly attributing to. Computer-driven formats will enable me to save time while at work while sharing confidential data regarding a given patient at any given time. Computer-driven formats process workflow in my field at a high rate in contrast to manual, paper formats. The benefits of health record structures in computer-driven formats are more efficiency, lower medication and nursing errors, structured data, and effective medical decision-making processes (Davis and LaCour, 2014). There is a significant drive in the course of doing away with conventional medical transcript and converting the clinical documentation

Saturday, July 27, 2019

Labor Ethics in the India and United States Essay

Labor Ethics in the India and United States - Essay Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that India is a huge victim of child labor and there are millions of such kids working in the adverse condition not only in the rural areas but in metropolitan cities as well. According to sources, this frequency was closed to 60 million in 2009-2010. Â  There are numerous reasons behind this child labor among which the most critical is obviously the poverty. Almost 350.46 million people in India are living below the poverty line in 20122. This provides a golden opportunity to the employers looking for cheap labor which can be exploited by them in order to generate the maximum profit margin. Lack of literacy rate in the country is also a major problem which also stems out from poverty. Another important aspect is the absence of SME sector and possession by the major corporation like TATA and Birla in the corporate sector. The child labor issue in the United States though still exists but has been successfully taken care by the authorities th rough nationwide measures. There is a maximum of 800,000 underaged workers that are employed and almost all are in rural areas3. In cities, the rate of child labor is almost down to zero which is not an easy job for the government in a big country. This was possible due to the strict measure by the government against child labor and the awareness they created in the masses. But above all the main cause is the back up of the government in order to facilitate parents in the bringing up their children. Low wages by employers in India is a tool very effectively used by them throughout the country. A daily wages worker of Texport in Bengaluru who is an authorized vendor for world-renowned clothing company Gap told sources that she is only paid 22 paise for an hour4. This is to make sure that she has not enough by the end of the day to take home and has to work late hours which help the company in meeting the orders on time. The main cause behind this low wages is the absence of adequate and strict regulations by the government. On the other hand, low and middle-class people are not encouraged to initiate their own business at small scale.

Friday, July 26, 2019

Internet Technology, Marketing and Security Research Paper

Internet Technology, Marketing and Security - Research Paper Example As a result, businesses have implemented the use of social media technology and application to communicate marketing messages and images to their consumers who have ready access to the communication media (Castronovo & Lei, 2012). Nonetheless, it is notable that many parts of the developed world has not adequately achieved access to computer systems and the internet (Chung & Austria, 2010) as a result of this, the application of social media is largely a phenomenon and concept of the urban community within developing economies because of access to technological infrastructure (Furlow, 2012). The marketing messages which are communicated via social media are passed from one individual to another rather than directly from the company or organization. Therefore, the users of social media in their evaluation of products and services act as a third parties and hence objective and credible sources of information (Lipsman, Mud, Rich & Bruich, 2012). Therefore social media is popularly being applied by business in marketing communication because of the authenticity and credibility that is associated with this form of communication (Castronovo & Lei, 2012). On the other hand, the application of social media in marketing communication has been criticized on the basis that it is informal and less reliable source of marketing communication about products and services (Hill & Moran, 2011). Additionally, it is argued that social media is only popular among specific segments of the market such as the young people (Lipsman, Mud, Rich & Bruich, 2012). This means that some segments of the market are not reached in social media marketing. Because of this, social media... As the essay declares  the popularity of social media as a marketing tool is argued to be a result of the advancement in information and communication technology. The contemporary society is increasingly utilizing technology and particularly the internet for communication and networking. With the advent of social media sites and platforms, the application of technology by individuals, businesses, agencies, organizations and companies has increased gradually.This discussion highlights that  the marketing messages which are communicated via social media are passed from one individual to another rather than directly from the company or organization. Therefore, the users of social media in their evaluation of products and services act as a third parties and hence objective and credible sources of information. Therefore social media is popularly being applied by business in marketing communication because of the authenticity and credibility that is associated with this form of communi cation. On the other hand, the application of social media in marketing communication has been criticized on the basis that it is informal and less reliable source of marketing communication about products and services.  The application of social media platforms in marketing is said to be the most effective way of reaching a large number of audience at no cost. Facebook and Twitter have registered billions of users within their accounts.

Thursday, July 25, 2019

Universal Health Coverage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Universal Health Coverage - Essay Example esides medical care, WHO statement regarding universal health coverage also encompasses prevention of diseases, health promotion, correction of behaviour and analgesic care. A meeting held by WHO at their headquarters in Geneva in February 2013 provides a comparable definition of universal health coverage and policy (World Health Organisation, 2013). A similar definition of universal health coverage is in use in the United States of America. The Obama care which is an initiative of the President Barrack Obamas’ government also aims at reducing the amount of money individuals spend on their health coverage (Obama, 2008). Similar initiatives to those of WHO such as taxes, subsidies in health care, insurance and regulations. There is also a push for quality health services between the rich and the poor in both the United States and WHO statement. The health caregivers play an essential role in the delivering of quality medical services across the globe. To achieve quality medical services, there must be an investment in professional medics. The viability of health care providers in the health care development cannot be overlooked. To offer quality services to the population, an increment in the working force in the health department is essential (World Health Organisation, 2013). Some chronic diseases, for example, cancer and diabetes need follow-up by medical practitioners so as to ensure the safety of an individual. The essence of creating a universal health coverage is to improve the health status of a country which subsequently promotes

Wednesday, July 24, 2019

Emotional Disabilities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Emotional Disabilities - Essay Example The crucial issue for teachers and federal and state authorities issue is to be able to differentiate between misconduct and emotional disability (Doty, 20003). With regards to history, a child or student to be eligible for emotional disability, pertinent evaluations are conducted. The school must conduct psychological testing by a trained school psychologist and the testing includes cognitive testing and social/emotional measures through rating scales, interviews and observations (School Psychologist Files, 2006-2007). In addition, to rule out environmental factors, a socio-cultural evaluation is done by a social worker with a parent of the child to determine a developmental history (School Psychologist Files, 2006-2007). Another issue that poses a challenge to school authorities is determining whether a child has emotional disability/disturbance or is socially maladjusted. A guide used by an educational agency in Michigan addresses this issue by drawing a matrix of characteristics in terms of behavior to differentiate emotionally disturbed and socially maladjusted students (School Psychologist Files, 2006-2007). In terms of definition, the eligibility of a child or student for having emotional disability is currently determined according to criteria set by Individual with Disabilities Act, Public Law 101-476 (Carrol n.d.

Economic policy and global environment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Economic policy and global environment - Essay Example Over the span of the last decade, Singapore’s economy has shown growth at an average rate of 5 percent per annum (Ministry Of Manpower, 2013). Average growth rate of real GDP has been maintained at 8.6 percent between the years 2004 and 2007. Although the growth slackened in 2009 as an influence of the financial that hit almost all countries in the world, the economy rebounded by a growth rate of 14.8 percent in 2010 (CIA, 2013). At present the country’s GDP is $325.1 billion (2012 estimate) (CIA, 2013). This growth has been achieved through increase in productivity in the different sectors in the economy; particularly the financial services sector has depicted significant improvement. Average productivity growth has been nearly 1 percent per annum. The growth rate has matched pace with the productivity growth rate found in other developed nations. The broad range of the citizens of Singapore also enjoyed the benefits of increasing real wage rate. This has in effect led to an increase their standard of living. The government must play an active role in developing a pulsating style of life for the average Singaporean and transform the country into a distinctly recognizable global city and â€Å"a leading cultural capital† (Ministry of Finance, n.d.), containing such good attributes as, openness, integrity and diversity (NPTD, 2013). Growth in productivity allows the country to make it the most excellent place to live and grow, â€Å"a home that provides an outstanding quality of life† (MOF, n.d.) for the people. Utilization of sound financial system: vast public expenditures The remarkable growth in productivity in the economy has been possible through strategic participation of the government sector in the growth process along with the private sector. The government of Singapore has a sound finance system. Unlike those other governments, Singapore does not face the threat of deep slashes in public expenditure or rising tax rates as a n aftermath of financial crisis. Therefore, the Government can make vast expenditures in the field of quality education, research and development, development of infrastructure and communication. A total budget of US $10.6 billion was allocated to the Ministry Of Education Government for FY2012, The major proportion of which has been dedicated to the development of special education schools, poly technique colleges and technical education institutes. This creates a self-directed learner and an active contributor to the state, which enhances productivity (MOF, 2012a). 3.4 percent of the total expenditure mentioned in the budget for the FY2012 has been dedicated to the National Research Fund with the objective of making Singapore a R&D hub and a competitive and innovative economy (MOF, 2012b). In 2011 this expenditure accounted for 2.3 percent of GDP of the country, and in 2010 this proportion was 2.1 percent of the GDP (MOF, 2012b). This shows that the country has focused on improvin g on the productivity via innovation and knowledge-base. A sum of $458.4 million had been allocated for promoting communication technology in FY2012. The strategies were to encourage demand for Infocomm Technology (ICT), create innovative services and establishing policies regulations to sustain new ICT developments (MOF, 2012c). Economic restructuring The Government plays a dominant role in catalysing economic restructur

Tuesday, July 23, 2019

Interview Assignment- Relating to Autism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Interview Assignment- Relating to Autism - Essay Example Why physical therapy for autism, an apparently mental condition? The physical therapist I interviewed noted that the Cartesian mind-body dualism is the root of the misconception that physical illnesses need physical approaches to heal and mental illnesses need the same. Autism is defined as a pervasive developmental disorder: Development is delayed and impaired in many areas, including motor skills both gross and fine. Physical therapy helps autistics develop those skills and reduce the gap between them and the outside world in this fashion. Further, the physical therapist I interviewed found that above the strictly clinical benefits, physical therapy is really useful for autistics because it gets them out of the house, gives them something to do that helps them manage all the sensations and focus their perception, and makes them feel more normal. Training autistics with physical therapy can help them participate in normative social experiences like sports: This is especially importa nt for child autistics, who will find it easier to connect with their peer groups by skipping, playing jump rope or hopskotch, or playing in ball games. The occupational therapist I interviewed argued that occupational therapy was basically the mental flipside of the physical therapy.

Monday, July 22, 2019

Holy and right Essay Example for Free

Holy and right Essay A Sufi seeker has to brace for self realization and that can only be done if one finds his/her beloved self. The journey to self realization is not easy since one has to work through their weaknesses and fight them through love and sacrifice. In other words one cannot attain higher levels of morality if they do not love their God, themselves and the people around them. Following and knowing the principles of Allah through the Quran is just but one stage in the spiritual life however to follow the principles of Quran is another challenge all together. The principles to be followed by Muslims calls for one to not only have the zeal but the interest in Islam so that their hearts can be purified. Religion should be such that religious principles are comprehended as right and not questioned after all the supreme being Allah is supposed to be Holy and right 2. In other words, though Muslims have never met Allah in person, they have to have faith in His religion and His teachings disseminated through prophet Mohammed (Peace be upon him). In the above light, faith should be such that principles of religion are followed through reasoning and analysis2. For example, people should not just follow Islam faith because many people are following it since they will not tolerate the mode of discipline and principles to be followed by the religion followers. Studies show that religions that don’t challenge their followers to analyze their religion are not true religions 2 Perhaps the reason why there are so many cults around the world is because of such followers not questioning the principles behind their religion and ultimately may end up committing suicide thinking they are going to their ‘supreme being’. In this light Sufism is about analyzing and reasoning about the Islam religion so that a Muslim is able to derive meaning from the religious teachings and practices. Knowledge of any kind is usually disseminated through writings and teachings of people so that people can store the knowledge in their minds and analyze the information 3. People cannot be able to know the truth if they don’t have information. As stated earlier in this paper, Islam faith is all about submission and finding one self so that they can find Allah who is the Supreme Being. The information people gather from Islam religious books and teachings is coupled with analysis and testing to find if it makes sense to the follower. People religious decisions are influenced by other people’s thoughts and writings. For instance, as truths come out from the Quran Islam followers are able to follow through and find themselves in the religious believes they believe in. According to Shah Naqshband, if a follower is confused about something that his Sheikh has said or even done, one should be patient until they get to understand what they have not understood. For a Sufi follower, the acquired knowledge is what is more important since understanding is the one that leads to the self development of a person. The Islam faith is about realizing the truth of its teachings and principles 3. The same way, Sufism is also about finding the truth through ones experiences. For example, as one follows the principles of Islam, they get to realize the truth in those principles they follow. For instance, There are reasons why Muslims attend Hajji and seek to have pure hearts and life. The whole experience of Hajji ensures that a Muslim ends up finding himself and gaining a higher level of maturity. Studies show that finding the truth of Islam principles comes through ones experiences since one cannot be taught to find the truth without working hard to find out such principles. A person finds the meaning of what they believe in if they can effectively analyze and reason through what they are thinking about. For example a Muslim cannot know the essence of visiting Hajji if they don’t visit Mecca and follow all the procedures into achieving their self actualization in the religion they believe in. However, this paper notes that Sufism does not mean that Muslims find the truth about their religion as single entities but through teachers who help them see the truth in Islamic teaching. 3 Sufism is about humbling oneself in a bid to appease the supreme being while at the same time ensuring spiritual and moral growth. For example to be a successful Sufi, one should practice Hosh dar Dam and ensure that remain in Gods presence with every breath4. In that manner, a seeker of truth will be able to spend all their life and time doing what is right and avoiding sin. To be able to stay in Gods presence that means seekers have to seek forgiveness all the time so that they stay in unison with Gods teachings. In other words obedience is not an option in a successful Muslim which is also a core ingredient of Islam teachings. There are also other Islamic principles which constitute the actualization of a Sufi. For example, Nazar bar Kadam which means that one should not follow in paths which derail ones spiritual progress4. Sufism is about perfecting ones spiritual life through ensuring that they lead a straight light. For example a sufi should be able to practice Khilawat dar Anjuman which means that one secludes himself away from people and spends time in remembrance of his God4. As Islam faithful have time in remembrance of their God they develop deeper insights of the relationship with God. Consequently, Sufis should practice Safar dar Watan so that they achieve Gods characteristics and banish their worldly desires. For example, they should not create doubts in their minds about their God but instead believe in His teaching and follow them accordingly. Other studies show that spiritual knowledge cannot be transmitted through words 4. That means that knowledge is passed through heart to heart experiences. Sufism insists that seekers have to meet a physical master at least once. The master is to help the seeker in finding the truth. A Sufi master should be merciful when disseminating knowledge to the seeker which should be done in love4. When analyzing the Islamic faith, sheikhs usually teach Islam followers with love and passion which is not any different from the principles of Sufism. Sufi seekers are Muslims who make a decision to go a step further and draw towards God by ensuring that they don’t defy God since they love and seek Him. Drawing Gods presence close to oneself then also calls for actions and commitment to following righteous paths. Sufism insists on following Islamic ways. This study found out Sufism cannot be found in books but self experiences through seeking higher levels of morality. With such in mind, it can be asserted that Islam faith cannot be separated from Sufism since it also seeks for growth and development of Muslims. The essence of a supreme being is such that, He does not need wealth since He created wealth at His own wish 4. In this light, Sufis do not have to crave for worldly wealth but instead seek to live in Godly ways. An analysis of why Sufism came to be shows that, many Muslim leaders had become entangled with the worldly desires and sought to live in impunity, and at the same time generate a lot of wealth. In the eyes of other Muslims who wanted to acquire higher levels of morality, they sought to seek and follow the truth instead of seeking for worldly desires. Studies show that Muslim leaders who are philanthropists of Sufism started off as humble and pure of heart Muslims who would not follow the example of other selfish Muslim leaders. 5 Sufism is about being humble and seeking the ways of God so that one can live in unity with him. After all the wealth of this world is just temporary and seizes when one dies and goes to paradise. Islam faith does not in any way teach its followers to follow the ways of the world or haram but instead asks its followers to be decisive in following the teachings of Allah and Prophet Mohammed (Peace be upon Him). Conclusion This study found that there are many controversies surrounding the concept of Sufism in the Islam faith. For example there are those who believe that the concept was coined by followers outside the teachings of Prophet Mohammed (Peace be upon him) and the Quran. However, a analysis of the history and origin of Sufism states that, the concept came to be as a result of seekers of truth who wanted to achieve higher levels of morality. The essence of Muslim faith is to be submissive and at the same time find truth in the teachings of Islam. In this light Sufism cannot be separated from the teachings of Islam. On the other hand, this study also found out that Sufism is about analyzing and reasoning Islam religious teachings to be able to find the truth. People seek a religion because they believe in it and love the Supreme Being associated with it. In this light, to achieve higher levels or morality and to be able to understand the truths of the religion it is mandatory be able to experience the truths in such teachings. Sufism cannot be learned in books but rather can be experienced through following disciplined routines and practices as dictated in the Islamic Quran. Hence in conclusion, it can be argued that Sufism is the heart of Islam and it cannot be separated from Islamic teachings and principles. Reference list Geocites (2009). Sufi Principles and Practices. Retrieved on 22nd February, 2009 from http://www. geocities. com/sufisaints/Principles. htm. Muhammad E (2008). Laws of the Heart: A Practical Introduction to the Sufi Path, Shifa Publishers.

Sunday, July 21, 2019

Childrens Rights Of Protection And Participation Young People Essay

Childrens Rights Of Protection And Participation Young People Essay This research paper focuses on the childrens rights and the participation that the children have in their implementation. It is every childs right to have a say on the things that affects its life. However, some children are either too young or too truant to make solid decisions. This research paper discusses on these rights and to what extent that the children can decide on their way of life. Child Rights on decision making Children have the same rights as adults. As a vulnerable group, children have particular rights that recognize their special need for protection and also that help them develop their full potential. Children are not helpless objects of charity or a property of their parents. They are recognized as human beings and the subjects of their own rights. A child is an individual, a family and community member with rights and appropriate responsibilities for his or her age and development stage. Children should enjoy the basic qualities of life as rights rather than privileges accorded to them (CRC, 2006) Every child whether a boy or girl irrespective of age is unique and has value importance as a person with a right for their human dignity to be respected. It has a right to have a say in all decisions and matters that concern him or her, to be listened to and his or her opinion taken seriously (CRIN, 2002). This will enhance understanding and mutual respect between children and adults. The participation of children protects them more effectively from abuse and exploitation. When we understand and respect childrens own experiences, we are able to create better protection mechanisms and the children themselves can act as active agents in their own protection. This helps to develop and build recognition of children as independent bearers of rights with a sense of identity and a positive implication for their self esteem (CRIN, 2002). Childrens rights are defined in a wide spectrum of economic, civil, political and social rights. These rights have been labeled as the right to protection and right to empowerment. Some of these rights are: Right to provision: Children have a right to be provided with a good standard of living, education and services, health care and a right to play. These include access to schooling, a balanced diet and a warm bed to sleep in. They also have a right to be protected from neglect, abuse, discrimination and exploitation (CRC, 2006) Children also have a right to participation. They have a right to their own programs and services and to take part in them. This includes decision making and involvement in libraries. Some rights allow children to grow up healthy and free. This include; Freedom of speech, Freedom of thought, Freedom from fear, Freedom of choice and to make decisions and Ownership over ones body. The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) provides a framework for addressing not only rights to child protection care and adequate provision, but also for participation. A child who is capable of making his or her own views shall be assured by the parties of the state a right to express them freely (CRC, 2006) The views of the child are given weight according to the maturity and age of the child. A child can participate in the sense of taking part or being present or participate in the sense of knowing that ones actions are taken note of and may be acted upon. The extent to childrens participation will vary between and within societies (CRC, 2006) There has been a clash between the childrens protection and participation rights. Protection rights protect the children against exploitation and abuse for the best interest of the child while in participatory rights; children take part in decisions concerning their lives and a right to freedom of conscious and to hold an opinion. Adults and their childrens views may not always coincide. Many childrens wishes and views are ignored by the adults for the best interest of the child. For instance; (CRC) Every child is entitled to acquire a name and a nationality. All children registration should be upon birth. The childs name, birth date and parents names are recorded. When a child is given a name at birth, he or she is not given an opportunity to choose a name for himself or herself. The parents do this for the best interests of the child (CRC). The child may however, decide to change its name upon reaching the age of maturity. In this case the child is denied a right to participate in choosing its name at first but at later stages of development; the same child can participate in the same by changing to its desired name (CRC). A child has a right to be protected from all forms of punishment or discrimination regardless of their age, race, sex, religion, status, their expressed opinions, activities and beliefs of the family members. As much as a child has a right to religion, to express their opinion, or equality regardless of their age, these are sometimes restricted by their parents or legal guardians. For instance, a child is not at liberty to join a religion cult without the parents interference. It is not because the child is denied its freedom to worship but its for the best interest of the child (CRC). Children also have a right to get and share information and to express them. In exercising this right, they are supposed to be careful not to damage themselves or the freedoms, rights and reputations of others. They may share information through talking, writing or drawing. A childs wishes may be ignored if it is for the best of the child. For instance, a child may be denied the right to express dislike or hatred towards a particular person by hauling insults at the person. On the same, the child may be restricted on the manner of expression. For instance through shouting or screaming or demanding instead of asking politely (CRC). Children have a right of association. They have a right to meet and to join groups and organizations. Not all groups joined by children are acceptable by their parents or guardians; this brings a clash between the childrens right of association and prevention of joining them. Children are also restricted from joining into these groups if they stop other people from enjoying their rights. For instance a rioting group which will probably cause peace disturbance to others, or an outlawed group will not be acceptable that the children join (CRC). Children have a right to privacy. They are protected from attacks in their way of life, their name, families and homes. However, their way of life can be invaded by their parents or guardians if its for their best interests, for instance, when parents suspect that the child may be involved in drugs or other unlawful activities they may be forced to ransack the childs room or personal effects (CRC). Its a right for the children to access information. This they get through the radio, newspapers, television, internet and childrens books. They have a right to choose what kind of information they would like to access and in which manner. However, not all information is suitable or helpful to them (CRC). Most of the information provided by the mass media especially the radio, television and internet is unsuitable to children. It may contain violence, obscenity or strong language. Since these are harmful to the children they dont have a right over them and so their parents or guardians have to protect the children from such by deciding on what is good or bad for them. The parents also have to protect on what their children browse on the internet since they can access pornography or sites with violence which are harmful to the child (CRC). It is a childs right to live with its parents. The child can however be separated from the parents when the conditions are not favorable for the child. Such conditions may be neglect or abuse by the parents or separation by the parents hence the state has to decide on which parent has to live with the child. If the child has no parents the state decides on a home or an institution for the child to live. In this case the child may not have much of a say in the choice of who to live with. Sometimes children run away from their birth homes to live with their relatives or even live on the streets. This may be as a result of poverty or rebellion. The best interests of the child are considered first before the child is taken back to its parents home (CRC). Conclusion Children have a right to participate in decisions that shape their life and therefore should be given a chance to express their own opinion. However, this right is only exercised considering the maturity and the best interest of the child. Not all decisions that a child makes will be supported by their parents or guardians. For instance, a child cannot make a decision not to go school. For the best interests of the child the child will be forced to attend school.

Saturday, July 20, 2019

Conflict In The Workplace Nursing Essay

Conflict In The Workplace Nursing Essay The demand for full time nurses is continuing to boom in the global market. However, the unfortunate shortage of nurses in the global scenario is undeniable (Hunt, 2009). The rate at which nurses are graduating from universities today does not sufficiently quench the ever growing demand for nursing professionals. The issue of providing an active replacement for the nurses who have left their respective organization continues to be a source of main concern for health care institutions. The rising rates of seasoned nurses have resulted in replacing the more experienced and skilled professionals by infusing fresh graduates who lack the required skill and experience needed to effectively adapt to a clinical environment. This is coupled by the booming level of workload witnessed by these graduates who many are unable to cope with. Adding fuel to fire the initial work experience is discouraging for many graduates who hence are exhausted .This results in numerous fresh graduates completely burning out in just 18 months of their introduction to professional medical environment (World Health Organization, 2006). This exposure of the nursing graduates to the professional environment is not alienated from the concepts of socialization and professionalization. However the issues differ in this context on the pretext of the resulting personal, emotive and intellectual ride that he/she may have to witness due to role changes .These are aroused by the experiences and expectations associated with this change. Hence conflict in the workplace for new nursing graduates is the topic which will be dealt during the course of this essay. Transitions are described as a movement from one state to another. The initial 12 months of transition to a clinical environment leads to a number of conflicts. This initial experience of fresh graduates mostly is with relevance to the setting of that particular health organization. The performance of these graduates in these clinical settings is suggestive of how these institutions act as breeding grounds for these nurses by providing them with the needed educational preparation (Clark, 2009). Within this clinical setting new graduates are exposed to many formal protocols, norms, regulations, rules and expectations. In this environment of array and despair the support provided to theses nurses by the organizational inhabitants is also insufficient. The beginning year for these graduates is hence regarded by many as an obstacle year since it results to the arousal of many conflicts within the organizations. The pressure to abide by contemporary practiced is outlined by stringent ward routines which nurses may regard as ineffective but are even then forced to follow by senior nurses. Hence a resultant conflict with senior nurses may arise. Patients may too have expectations regarding how they want to be dealt with and hence taken care off. This leads to a significant in congruency in perceptions pertinent to patient-care issue and results in conflicts with patients their families and visitors (Joint Commission on Accredition of Healthcare Organizations, 2010). It also takes time and skill to attain respect and work as a team with fellow physicians. This may surface conflicts with physicians. These conflicts hamper patient care. Conflict with Senior Nurses A good senior nurse would be an individual who can efficiently run in a health institution and can organize communicate and understand the fresh nurse graduates who are relatively new and in experienced. If a senior nurse involves their subordinates in the decision making process, shows appreciation for hard work and responds by giving their juniors more power and responsibility, things may go well. However, a difficult relationship with a senior nurse is a common cause of an in favorable position adopted by senior nurses (Brown, 1992). There are hence in broad terms two main sources of conflict between the senior and fresh lotà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ when peoples perceptions, power or actions relating directly to the job are challenged; or when two people just dont fond of each other. The latter often called a personality clash is very common in health institutions. It can be arduous however to distinguish between the two sources of conflict (Clark, 2009). Hunt (2009) says that for many years the professional practices of nurses have been restricted by inflexible bureaucratic practices with solid structures and organizational designs. Today structures of many organizations continue to change and hence adopt a mode that is more flexible in its approach and less rigid. These structures are not only less bureaucratic but also increase a nurseà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s role in decision making process. However many organizations still continue following traditional and inflexible structures which leave little or no room for new graduate nurses to exercise their respective decision making abilities .This not only makes the new graduate less autonomous but also undermines their creative potential. They hence have to reach out to their senior nurses for most issues. This not only inhibits their learning potential but also leads to numerous conflicts regarding difference in perception regarding how an issues needs to addressed and hence sorted out. The senior nurses may enrich the fresh graduates or may diminish it. Many senior nurses may even be insecure about their positions and hence in order to protect their own position may look to misguide the new graduates. They may even constantly pester them and look to undermine their services and ideas. This may lead them to constantly ignite disagreements with fresh agreements and stem feelings of resentment. Bullying and an over aggressive attitude can make the situation potentially worse. Further fresh graduates may too in their attempt to improve their own position and prove themselves disrespect their seniors. Over confidence may make them undermine the authority of seniors by going about their own respective way of doing and running things. Neeraja (2003) further adds that fresh graduates may also be unaware of how to work as a team. This may lead to further enmity of senior nurses towards them. They do not realize that their seniors may be a source of learning for them if considered so. Conflict also may simply arouse due to the senior and junior just not liking each other. Such personal disliking can hence hinder performance and job and arouse major conflicts. Conflicts with Patients The work place setting of a health institution is never void of conflict. A patient interaction with a nurse is often not in the best of circumstances. It often happens when a patient is sick and hence emotionally distressed. In such a time a fresh graduate nurse may seem the easiest and the most convenient way to vent out (Andersen, Fagerhaug, Beltz, 2010). In addition a patient nurse interaction is never black and white. Each patient has their own behavior and distinct habits .It hence may be difficult for a fresh graduate to properly reach out the patient in this time of stress and ordeal which may bring out arguments and release of pent up stress. Care of a patient demands customer service. This can be made difficult by the lack of control and alternative options experienced by patients and their families. They may be customers but they are not so by their will or their own choice. Even the calmest people can become aggressive and angry in sickness and injury. This can trigger difficult emotions. Hence nurses are handling people with extremely tense emotion and anger (Andersen, Fagerhaug, Beltz, 2010). Since the nurses are fresh they may not be skilled enough to handle such difficult people. They themselves may not be emotionally strong enough to with stand the pressure. To make matters worse nurses often look to work with families and friends who are disturbed seeing their loved ones in trouble. They themselves may have questions along with the patient with which may need to be handled with proper tact. They also may require the nurse to provide them with reassurances. If not handled in a proper manner, the nurses may find t hemselves on the brink of a major conflict (World Health Organization, 2006). Collectively, the hospital workplace of the nurse is a breeding ground for intense emotion and distress. Patients and their families is each coping with ambiguity and the potential or real effects of life-altering medical conditions. They become frustrated. They are confused. They are upset. The fresh nurses may not have the tact to decide the way information is to be conveyed to the patient and their families. With a press of a button a nurse is available. They are hence assumed to be like robots and key to all their questions. They are seen as a source of comfort and information. If they fall short of this a patient may not care how new or in experienced the nurses are and hence they may be targeted. The possible conflict scenarios involving patients and/or their families are too numerous to imagine. And hence are to some extent unavoidable. Conflict between Physician and Nurse Reports of physician nurse conflict are widespread. Power imbalance between physician and nurse, differing goals of practicing medicine and gender conflict between physicians (mostly males) and nurse (mostly females) may stem conflicts between the two parties (Kathleen McGhee, 2008). Power imbalance between physician and nurse In most societies physicians are often associated with respect and an elevated financial standing. Medical schools are virtually one of the most difficult schools to get in to and their studies too are equally exhausting requiring the brightest minds. Nurses though are not looked down upon but are obviously not given the importance and standing given to that of a physician. They are relatively paid less too. Their authority and power is hence also typically lesser than that of a proper physician. Officially the physicians are not the bosses of nurses. However because of more expertise and knowledge physicians do wind up telling the nurses what to do and what not to do. Nurses are somewhat hence seen subservient to physicians (Coombs, 2004). New graduates may not adapt to this relationship equation and may consider it as an ego blow. The nurse may feel that she/he deserves more responsibility and credit than that is given to them and hence may make them frustrated and agitated towards the physician forcing them to react in a way that may not be accepted by the physician. This hence may fuel a conflict. Differing goals of practicing medicine One core difference between the responsibilities of the physician and nurse is that a physician focuses on diagnosing and treating the disease of a patient while a nurse is focused on taking care of the patient. This may be a source of conflict between the two parties. The nurse may work more towards taking care of the patient rather than working to diagnose the disease and treat it. Hence this may upset the physicians who may undermine the nurse further and regard him/her as an obstacle in their own practice (Kathleen McGhee, 2008). Gender Conflict Though today there are many male nurses. Yet the profession is still dominated by females. Physicians on the other hand are predominantly males. Hence the conflict may result due to the prevailing conflict of the two genders in the society. Theory hence suggests that the physician may look down upon nurses solely because in some societies women are not given the standing men are. Hence fresh graduates may feel less empowered which may force them to suppress their questions and ultimately perform poorly (Kathleen McGhee, 2008). Resolving conflict As seen above the conflicts in work place may hamper patient care. Hence it is paramount for us to find effective solutions to these conflicts. One common recommendation is to improve communication between newly graduated nurses and senior nurses. Same should also be applied for the interaction between physicians and nurses and also that of patient and nurses (Huston Marquis, 2008). Inefficient communication can produce unmet expectations and lead to pent up anger and misunderstandings. This can stain relationships. But while better communication would help, it solely cannot assist filling in the power gap between a new nurse and a senior one. Same is true between the equation shared by a physician and fresh nurse graduate. Hence elevation of the status of fresh nurse graduates may help stop the power struggles. Also this will force patients to not to take the nurses for granted and to treat them with respect and gratitude rather than punching bags. Optimal method of conflict resolution provides another important solution. This fosters collaboration, harmony and cooperation which may appease the tensions that a new nurse may face with the physicians and senior nurses (Ellis Hartley, 2003). 5 steps to ensure effective conflict resolution Open. The staff should ensure that the discussion has a fruitful function and a clear goal that is understood by everyone including nurses. Clarify. This fact finding step will help one indulge deeply in all the aspects of the issue. Develop. At this point it is discussed how to effectively resolve the conflict and inhibit it from reoccurring. Agree. This will enable everyone to agree on a particular action. Close. Outline the plan for resolving the conflict and see to it that everyone including the nurses are in agreement to it. However the physicians may not be keen to take part in this medium of resolution since they may be very happy with their own status. The question hence to be addressed is that how can freshly graduate nurses be given power when their seniors and physicians are not willing to relinquish it? The solution could perhaps lie in how the hospital head deals with these new nurses. He can act as a role model for others to follow and look up to. He should convey to all the disciplines and contributions that the nurses may make. They should also develop an organizational vision of how patients and staff members should interact with the new nurses. The vision should produce the equations expected to be shared by all with these parties with nurses. These should then be translated into a set of standards, norms and rules. Inappropriate behavior will not change unless it results in consequences for the perpetrator. Hence punishments should be outlined for those not abiding by with the rules (Coombs, 2004). The physician and nursing heads need the support of hospital management in this endeavor. Hence the management should be keen to take active part in the endeavor. It should however be understood that it should not solely be the staffà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s and patients responsibility to make required changes but also the responsibility of the fresh nurses. They should be more aware of their responsibilities and incorporate with in them more patience. Preferably orientations should be given to these nurses for a couple weeks to help them assimilate with the environment (Joint Commission on Accredition of Healthcare Organizations, 2010). Also they should be encouraged with the help of compensations and bonuses. They should be encouraged to asked questions and have diversity in their tasks to break their monotonous routine. Conclusion An important point to note is that conflict of any genre is not conducive for a work place setting. It affects ones performance by aggravating the mental and emotional state of the person at hand. A nurse has a very important role in a health institution. The nurse helps take care of the patient. A nurse who has just joined the hospital environment may not be that confident and hence may be more prone to pressure. This is likely to impact the optimal functioning of the team since the attention may be diverted from the most important matter at hand-customer care .Poor patient care and low quality health care may be a result of the conflicts. Hence without doubt the issue of the work place conflicts of the fresh nurses needs to be addressed by individual clinicians and the overall health care staff. Even though the administrators and managers may initially opt to avoid dealing with issue and try to sweep it under the rug, it is important for them to be cognizant of the sensitivity of the situation and hence take appropriate measures to suppress these conflicts by promoting a healthy organizational culture

Virginia Woolfs Use of Moments of Being Essay -- Biography Biographie

Virginia Woolf's Use of Moments of Being      Ã‚   Virginia Woolf is recognized as one of the great innovators of modern fiction. Her experiments with point of view and her use of stream of consciousness have influenced many writers that followed her. But one particularly interesting technique that does not seem to receive much attention is her use of "moments of being."    She first mentions moments of being in her essay, "A Sketch of the Past," which was to be the beginning of her memoirs. She begins with one of her earliest memories: a night in the nursery at St. Ives. She vividly recalls the way the blinds fluttered in the wind, the light coming through the window and the sound of the sea. She had a feeling of "lying in a grape and seeing through a film of semi-transparent yellow" (65). This memory is so strong that when she recalls those sensations they become more real for her than the present moment. This observation leads her to wonder why some moments are so powerful and memorable--even if the events themselves are unimportant--that they can be vividly recalled while other events are easily forgotten. She concludes that there are two kinds of experiences: moments of being and non-being. Woolf never explicitly defines what she means by "moments of being." Instead she provides examples of these moments and contrasts them with moments of what she calls "non-being." She describes the previous day as:      Ã‚  Ã‚   Above the average in 'being.' It was fine; I enjoyed writing these first   Ã‚  Ã‚   pages . . . I walked over Mount Misery and along the river; and save that   Ã‚  Ã‚   the tide was out, the country, which I n... ...ople. When the cotton wool is rent, when one experiences a moment with full consciousness, one experiences the true intensity of life. These moments of being can be read as brief poems hidden among the trivial details of life that some characters--and readers with them--are fortunate enough to experience.    Works Cited    Winterson, Jeanette. "A Gift of Wings." In Art Objects: Essays on Ecstasy and Effrontery. New York: Vintage Books, 1995.    Woolf, Virginia. Between the Acts. New York: Harcourt Brace & Company, 1969.    -------. Mrs. Dalloway. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1981.    -------. To the Lighthouse. New York: Harcourt Brace & Company, 1981.    -------. "A Sketch of the Past."In Moments of Being.Ed. Jeanne Schulkind. 2nd ed. New York: Harcourt Brace & Company, 1985.

Friday, July 19, 2019

Proprioception Loss: Blinding the Mind From the Body :: Medicine Medicinal Medical Essays

Proprioception Loss: Blinding the Mind From the Body Proprioception can be described as the mind's awareness of the body. Proprioception provides the central nervous system unconscious information about the body (Bluestone, 1992). The "awareness" of our body may be difficult to understand until we have lost our proprioceptive sense. Researchers concerned with proprioception have usually directed their studies toward identifying in what processes proprioception plays a major role, and what processes may be hindered if proprioception loss is severe. Unfortunately, not much is known about proprioception, or how much proprioception contributes to functional accuracy (Gordon, Ghilhardi, & Ghez, 1995). Sherrington (1961) declares that the proprioceptive receptors, the nerves associated with proprioception, are effective at determining changes inside the organism; which is where the term "proprioception" originates. He explains that proprioceptive receptors are used especially in muscles and their accessory organs. Proprioceptive receptors and some receptors in the labyrinth (equilibrium detector located in the inner ear) work together to form our receptive systems. Finally, Sherrington shares that proprioception is responsible for continuous reflexes in skeletal muscles. In other words, proprioceptive receptors are responsible for detecting when an area of the body is out of its natural state and prompts the muscles to return the area to a resting state. Proprioception may be best understood by looking at cases of proprioceptive loss. To illustrate the profound effects of proprioceptive loss, Oliver Sacks documented a clinical case of a woman who lost all proprioception (1985). Sacks declared that the sense of our bodies relies on three things: vision, the vestibular stystem, and proprioception. His client lost all proprioception and could not walk without watching her own legs, or talk without listening to her own voice. She could not truly determine if she had a body. The patient could not perform any motor movements most people would deem natural without relying on environmental feedback to achieve the simplest maneuver. Oliver Sacks' clinical story reflects how much the mind depends on proprioception for even the most rudimentary actions not thought consciously considered. The following research demonstrates the importance of proprioception. A group of researchers conducted a study to determine the deficits caused by the lack of neck and body proprioception (Blouin et. al., 1995). Their experiment consisted of normal individuals as well as a patient who had permanent and selective loss of neck and whole body proprioception. They determined through clinical tests that the patient could not "maintain upright posture without losing balance [or] perceive passive body rotations with the head stationary" (p.

Thursday, July 18, 2019

Police Officers Should Not Carry Guns Essay

There are a lot of arguments all around the world in this subject. Politicians, teachers, sociologists and psychologists declare their ideas and also they write some essays about if the polià §e officers should carry a gun or not. Many people suppose that police officers should carry their guns. Nowadays more and more crimes are being committed and police officers protect us from criminal behaviour. I will discuss whether police officers should be allowed to carry guns in this essay. I strongly insist that they should not be allowed to carry guns. There are some reasons to support my opinion. First of all, police officers actually are carrying a gun to protect the people. However, I have never been told that police officers saved people with their gun. Secondly, mostly, police officers can not their guns in a controlled way. We know from the news, some of police officers kill somebody with their guns.In the human rights, ‘the right to life’is the most important one that we have. When police officers kill somebody with their guns, the society starts to believe human life is not valued. In addition, police officers kill off 40 people with their guns between the years 2008 and 2009 in Turkey.Reasons of the killing them was ‘they did not Show their ideninty cards to police officer’. In the USA, the problem also not so different. Also, I sometimes hear the crime committed by the police officer. Even though the police officers are trained to usetheir gun in emergency, a tiny percentage of them committed murder with a gun when they were an excited state. They are actually the person before the police officer. Normaly, we need police officers not only for our security. Ther functions also about social aid and health, as it is written on the laws. Social aid and health about human rights but guns are completely the opposite of these good feelings and ideas. I do not think, somebody wants from help to pollice officer who has gun with him. That is a big fear, guns awe us. I read an article about search police officers did at a school to find in some kinds of drugs; however, they did not find any drugs. In addition, they threatened the students to kneel down with their guns. All students were frightened because they were pointign a gun at them. In spite of, they having to protect the people with their gun. Next, police officers use their guns againist criminals. But youngsters and children are  exposed to their guns almost everyday. So, they will tend to violonce. They can be new criminals of the future. Maybe they will elaborate on police officers’ guns, because guns are so common in the world today. They thought like that, ‘if it is not good or necessary, why police officers carry them?’. These kind of thought, so normal for a young person or a teenager. Other reason is, the state pay much Money to guns every year. If the money is used for education and social facilities, surely, the crime rate w ill drop year by year. So, that is better to money us efor these kind of activities. We must think about this question, ‘do we want to drop of crime rate or do want to punish someone who crimes?’. If the answer first I said, we have to pay money for education and the other social facilities. It is important to outline that the work of police was always in the centre of attention. There is a very serious deliberation about it, which is connected with factors, such as the rate of criminality and a psychological factor of carrying a weapon. The situation with the growth in the number of committed crimes is very notorious and dangerous. As a result, in society was formed a particular opinion about the work of police. Many people suppose that police officers should carry their guns because it can influence criminals, and the number of crimes will decrease. However, it is not a secret that in countries where police officers are obligated to carry guns the index of crimes is higher than in the UK. At the same time, there is a reasonable opinion that not carrying guns by police officers reduces the amount of violence. Last, it is a very widespread opinion among people that a gun is the tool, which can be a serious psychological weapon in the fight with criminality. It is believed that criminals can be afraid of armed police officers. However, many facts contradict this position because in the world there were many examples when crimes were committed by very brutish offenders, and these criminals were not stopped with guns. However, not carrying guns provide society with a positive example when police demonstrate that they are able to resolve any problem without using weapons. In conclusion, the author of the present essay wants to clarify the key points of the discussion. There is a widespread opinion in society that weapons are a remedy, which resolves many problems with criminality. At the same time, much data suggests that, in many cases, weapon is not able to stop a criminal. In addition, it is vital to emphasise that not carrying  guns is a good example for all people to be less violent. As you can see, there are many reasons not to be armed police officers.