Giving economic circumstances over the last five years of how Tesco, Essay - 1

Giving economic circumstances over the last five years of how Tesco, Sainsbury and Morrisons have coped - Essay Example Falling house prices which were caused by shortage of mortgages made the economy to worsen and investor fell short of repaying their loans. This act made lending institutions to halt their loaning as they feared that their customers were unable to repay. Another cause for recession in United Kingdom was cost push inflation which made civil servants to squeeze their incomes and lower their disposal earnings. Citizen more so civil servants were very careful on every penny they spent for the cost of living had skyrocketed making them to evade any impulse buying. Lack of confidence with financial sector reduced confidence in real economy thus perpetuating low trading and therefore less revenue. Consequently, the retail sector which hugely depends on the buying behaviour of the customers was financially affected. The economic turmoil affected the overall retail sector worldwide to a large extent, top retail giants including Tesco, and Sainsbury also faced decline in their share prices due to a major brunt of the financial crisis (Hotten, 2008). Many retail sectors like the financial and other retail sectors did job cutting in order to combat the financial turmoil. Though the groceries giants like Tesco, Sainsbury and Morrison aimed at in creasing the jobs but due to the closure of some of the grocery depots like Tesco who closed its Daventry’s depot of Fast way distribution has resulted some job loss (The Telegraph, 2008). However, in the last five years except 2008 and 2009 UK witnessed a positive GDP growth rate (BBC News, 2011). At the end of 2009 UK recovered from the global recession which was caused due to the ripple effects of the failure of subprime loans and bankruptcy of the big financial institutions but can be hugely affected due to the predicted recession of 2012 which may happen mainly due to the debt crisis of the European countries (The Economic Times, 2011). The graph below shows how recession took place and the way

The Sport And Recreation Environment Physical Education Essay

The Sport And Recreation Environment Physical Education Essay This report as part of the ISRM Higher Professional Diploma in Sport and Recreational Management has been undertaken to both explore and look at the role sport plays in society, in particular how sport and leisure has developed in the last twenty years. It will also provide an explanation to the variations to the structure of the sport and recreational sector with an insight to the roles and functions of key organisations, organisations such as Clubmark, Inclusive Fitness Initiative and the English Federation of Disability Sport. In addition it will review the leisure industry as one of the fastest growing industries in the world, fed by an expansion of peoples leisure time and spending. It will also provide awareness regarding the various schemes that have been put in place by local and central government to help accommodate people from all backgrounds, gender, race and ability. 2.0 Overview In recent years the UK leisure industry has grown and become wide-ranging in terms of ownership, with a substantial input from commercial, charitable, public and voluntary sector providers. Leisure now accounts for almost 30% of total consumer spending, and has grown in significance to such an extent that a specialist government department has been established called the Department of Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS) to oversee and drive forward sport sector programmes and projects. Projects include the 2012 Olympic Games and Paralympic Games and support the bid to bring the 2018 World Cup to England. Their main objective is to improve the quality of life for all through cultural and sporting activities, to support the pursuit of excellence and to champion the tourism, creative and leisure industries. (DCMS 2011) This is achieved by providing advice for Ministers to enable them to drive forward sport sector programmes and projects, and work with the sports delivery Non-Departmental Public Bodies (NDPBs). The bodies include, Sport England, UK Sport and UK Anti-Doping. In addition the DCMS also support initiatives to promote equality in sport and works closely with the HM Revenue Customs (HMRC) and the Central Council of Physical Recreation (CCPR) to promote the Community Armature Sports Club which offer tax relief to local amateur sports clubs. The majority of sports that take place in society are structured and controlled by a number of contributing factors, these include Your location and environment Occupation Disposable Income Marital status Age Mobility Time Overview Continued The above factors surround that of an individual but more often than not both the environment and society we occupy dictate what sport we become most interested in. The rational being affordability, some sports tend to be out of the reach for some people especially those living in less lucrative areas. However Government strategies have changed over the last 10 years, they have now come to realise the health benefits to the nation in terms of both reduced costs to the National Health Service and lost time and its effects on the economy and production. The realisation has meant that sport has become affordable and available to more people. The objective is to encourage service users to take part in as much physical activity as possible taking into account, gender, ethnicity, religion, disability, social inclusion and deprivation. 3.0 The Growth of the Leisure Sector The leisure structure has changed radically over the last ten years, there has been an intense shift in leisure development, basic sports and leisure facilities are no longer always the first choice of entertainment activities. Over the last decade the commercial leisure industry has been one of the fastest growing sectors of the UK property market. This growth has been underpinned by the dramatic growth in leisure spend and fuelled by a select number of leisure activities, particularly multiplex cinemas and the health and fitness industry. New attractions have also emerged that combine a mix of leisure and retail uses and draw visitors from a much wider catchment area. Examples include the Trafford Centre Manchester and Liverpool One. The leisure market has been the subject of some profound changes over recent years. The mix of social and economic conditions which prevailed in the late 1990s has triggered the arrival of a much more mobile and astute customer seeking not just value for money, but also increased choice in terms of leisure environments and experiences i.e. Chill Factor and Crosby Boating Lake Arena. 3.1 Factors that have helped contribute to Growth Improved standards of living. Increased sponsorship deals from televised sport Support from Advisory Sports Council and Independent Sports Council Education surrounding academic qualifications in sport Sport England, Clubmark and Inclusive Fitness to support people with disabilities Private company buy in and investment Local government realising the impact that sport and activity can have on a persons health and wellbeing. Local government investment in new facilities that they provide for local people. 3.2 Expected Market Changes. Obesity is an on-going problem and as such is predicted to increase in the future, this is likely to provide be an increase in GP exercise referrals to face this problem. This will increase both the revenue and participation within the leisure environment. With no likelihood of an end to the obesity problem the leisure industry will continue to be provided with a convenient supply of customers long into the future. Initiatives such as Fit for the Future aim to reduce the number of overweight people in the future by encouraging them to join a health and fitness club.   In support of this the Fitness Industry Association (FIA) has lobbied for tax concessions for individuals spending on health clubs. The argument being that a healthier lifestyle will reduce obesity and overweight-related treatments for The National Health Service (NHS). Over the last decade the mortality rate has increased, government statistics indicate the number of people aged over 55 by the end of 2010 will have increased. As the proportion and number of both time-rich and cash-rich customers increase the leisure industry will seize the opportunity and take advantage on the opportunities this will provide. The government, through Sport England and other regional bodies, are investing money into schools, community sports, elite sports, coaching provision and training for PE teachers. It is anticipated that job opportunities will increase in sport development and coaching. Hosting the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games will have far-reaching effects on community regeneration, with a predicted 70,000 new jobs (including voluntary positions) and  £17billion investment in sports and facilities. 4.0 Participation in Sport A survey conducted by Sport England under Active People Survey, returned the following results. The fourth year of the survey, Active People Survey 4, started in October 2009 and ran continuously for 12 months until the middle of October 2010. The full year results were published on 16 December 2010.   Key highlights from Active People Survey 4: During 2009/10, 6.938 million adults (aged 16 and over) participated in sport three times a week for 30 minutes at moderate intensity (16.5% of the adult population in England). This is 123,000 more adult participants than the 2007/08 baseline. Compared with Active People Survey 2, sports participation among non-white adults has increased by 64,100, from 722,800 (16.1%) to 786,900 (17.3%). Since 2007/08, participation in athletics (including running and jogging) has grown by 263,400 to 1.876 million adults (4.5%) in 2009/10. Cycling has grown from 1.767 million adults (4.3%) in 2007/8 to 1.866 million adults (4.4%) in 2009/10, an increase of 99,200 participants. The Wolfenden report In October 1957, the Central Council of Physical Recreation (CCPR) appointed an independent Committee led by Chairman Sir John Wolfenden to examine general position of sport in England and to recommend what action should be taken by statutory and voluntary bodies if sports were to play their full part in promoting the general welfare of the community. The decision to set up this Committee was made because of a general and growing feeling that some new initiative was required if sport was to be enabled to expand and develop to meet the present-day requirements. The C.C.P.R. itself works only in England, Wales and Northern Ireland, however the Scottish Council of Physical Recreation were happy to co-operate which made it possible for the inquiry to cover the whole of the United Kingdom. Sport Development Sport Development plays and essential role in the development sport activities available to young people. More than a decade ago the opportunities within the school curriculum were extremely limited and usually only covered basic PE or football. The culture has now changed within schools and they now encourage pupils to participate in a wide range of sporting activities, such as rugby, netball, hockey and swimming. The education systems has also embraced the changes offering academic opportunities to pupils within this subject. Local Government Sports Development officers work closely with schools to provide them with the necessary skills to engage alternative sports, in most cases their skills are provided free of charge. Sports Development are particularly involved with children at primary school age, at this stage the education system lacks resources in terms of PE staff to allow specialist sporting activities to take place. The Sports Development team also assist Teachers to arrange special events, such as school galas etc. They also maintain a balance to ensure that the pupils who are less capable at achieving high sporting standards still have the same opportunities. In addition Sports Development play an important role by both bringing groups of people together all ages and providing the necessary expertise to support funding applications via, Clubmark, Sport England and the National Lottery. Clubmark Clubmark is a multi-sport accreditation introduced in 2002 by Sport England to support amateur clubs with junior participants. Clubmark is designed to help sports clubs develop through proper planning and by making sure that proper procedures are in place to cover all eventualities. The aim is to empower parents when selecting a club for their children. When clubs achieve their own sports Award, they will also receive Clubmark which  allows parents to easily recognise quality clubs, whatever the sport, because of the one cross-sport quality kite mark. The Clubmark accreditation is only awarded to clubs that comply with the following four standards: Duty of care and safety Quality of coaching and competition Fairness of opportunity (equity) Club management The benefits from achieving accreditation can include, increased membership benefiting from the raised profile on the Clubmark database and parent confidence. It will also provide the necessary support for developing coaches and volunteers within the qualifying clubs. Social Exclusion Social exclusion has been defined by the Department of International Development (DFID) as a process by which certain groups are systematically disadvantaged because they are discriminated against on the basis of their ethnicity, race, religion, sexual orientation, caste, descent, gender, age, disability, HIV status, migrant status or where they live. To address the issues the Government formed a Task Force in 1997 to identify the people most at risk. In 2006 the Task for was closed down and transferred to the Social Exclusion Unit, It is smaller than its predecessor and sits within the Cabinet Office. It concentrates on preventative policies for hard to reach children and families deemed to have been immune from the governments drives against social exclusion to date. Policy Action Team 10 (PAT 10) In 1997 the New Labour Government assembled the Social Exclusion Unit better known as the SEU. The unit was tasked with reporting on how to develop an integrated and workable method to deal with the problems of the worst housing estates and the report was also to include crime, drugs, unemployment, breakdowns in community and poor schools. The report titles Bringing Britain Together produced findings that led to the setup of a number of policy action teams, the team was known as PAT 10. The belief and outcome was that if youths were to take part in more sporting activities that youth crime figures would drop, this theory has now become the business focus for Sport Development. Inclusive Fitness The Inclusive Fitness Initiative (IFI) has been established to support the fitness industry to become more inclusive, serving the needs of both disabled and non-disabled people alike. IFI has been working in collaboration with the fitness equipment manufacturers i.e. Lifefitness and Profitness for more than eight years to ensure that the equipment available on the market is as inclusive as possible. The accredited equipment is intended for all users and is not specifically targeted at disabled people.  Ã‚  IFI has worked together with the industry to design a list of fitness equipment, the only list of its kind in the world.  Ã‚   In order to ensure that as many disabled people as possible can benefit from both a cardiovascular and resistance based workout, the IFI recommends a minimum package of fitness equipment is installed (please note that wherever possible, this minimum should be exceeded).   This minimum package includes the following key pieces to ensure a full body workout can be achieved by a wide range of users: Treadmill Upright and/or recumbent cycle Upper body ergometer Leg curl Leg extension/leg press Upper body resistance equipment including chest press, row, shoulder press and lat pull-down or equivalent upper body multi-station Package of small equipment Child Protection In 2001, the Child Protection in Sport Unit was launched and jointly-funded by Sport England and the NSPCC. The units responsibility is to help children play sport, stay safe, enjoy and achieve, It has set out Standards for Safeguarding and Protecting Children in Sport which national governing bodies and  County Sports Partnerships (CSPs) are required to adopt in line with their statutory responsibilities, and best practice. There are three levels of achievement: Preliminary, Intermediate Advanced. To qualify for the intermediate and advanced levels, organisations need to show commitment and action in keeping children and young people safe. The tiered standards give parents, staff and volunteers confidence that the overall sporting experience for young people is being actively monitored, and that safety and welfare issues are taken seriously.

Othello: the Story of a Noble Being :: Othello essays

Othello: the Story of a Noble Being  Ã‚        Ã‚   The William Shakespeare creation Othello sees the demise of a noble general, as a result of the incessant brainwashing by his ancient. Let us in this essay present the noble Othello and wherein lay his tragic mistake.    Lily B. Campbell in Shakespeare’s Tragic Heroes describes the unquestioned nobility of the Moor:    From the first we hear the fact insistently repeated that he is a Moor, that he has thick lips, that Desdemona has chosen to go to his sooty bosom. Yet we are told that he is of noble birth, that war and adventure have bee his nurses, that he may be considered a barbarian and yet that the Venetian state has found him so valuable in action that he cannot be expelled, no matter what offence may be found in him. His vaunting has won him his wife; his actions have won him the confidence of the state. His noble nature is not questioned even by Iago. (152)    Helen Gardner in â€Å"Othello: A Tragedy of Beauty and Fortune† talks of the hero’s exceptional personal qualities:    Othello is like a hero of the ancient world in that he is not a man like us, but a man recognized as extraordinary. He seems born to do great deeds and live in legend. He h as the obvious heroic qualities of courage and strength, and no actor can attempt the role who is not physically impressive. He has the heroic capacity for passion. But the thing which most sets him apart is his solitariness. He is a stranger, a man of alien race, without ties of nature or natural duties. His value is not in what the world thinks of him, although the world rates him highly, and does not derive in any way from his station. It is inherent. He is, in a sense, a ‘self-made man’, the product of a certain kind of life which he has chosen to lead. . . . (140)    Despite the wonderful personal attributes he possesses, Othello still falls prey to the sinister Iago. His gullibility and naivete make this possible. Francis Ferguson in â€Å"Two Worldviews Echo Each Other† describes how Othello carries out Iago’s plan of destruction:    Othello moves to kill Desdemona (Act V, scene 2) with that â€Å"icy current and compulsive course† which he had felt at the end of Act III, scene 3. Othello: the Story of a Noble Being :: Othello essays Othello: the Story of a Noble Being  Ã‚        Ã‚   The William Shakespeare creation Othello sees the demise of a noble general, as a result of the incessant brainwashing by his ancient. Let us in this essay present the noble Othello and wherein lay his tragic mistake.    Lily B. Campbell in Shakespeare’s Tragic Heroes describes the unquestioned nobility of the Moor:    From the first we hear the fact insistently repeated that he is a Moor, that he has thick lips, that Desdemona has chosen to go to his sooty bosom. Yet we are told that he is of noble birth, that war and adventure have bee his nurses, that he may be considered a barbarian and yet that the Venetian state has found him so valuable in action that he cannot be expelled, no matter what offence may be found in him. His vaunting has won him his wife; his actions have won him the confidence of the state. His noble nature is not questioned even by Iago. (152)    Helen Gardner in â€Å"Othello: A Tragedy of Beauty and Fortune† talks of the hero’s exceptional personal qualities:    Othello is like a hero of the ancient world in that he is not a man like us, but a man recognized as extraordinary. He seems born to do great deeds and live in legend. He h as the obvious heroic qualities of courage and strength, and no actor can attempt the role who is not physically impressive. He has the heroic capacity for passion. But the thing which most sets him apart is his solitariness. He is a stranger, a man of alien race, without ties of nature or natural duties. His value is not in what the world thinks of him, although the world rates him highly, and does not derive in any way from his station. It is inherent. He is, in a sense, a ‘self-made man’, the product of a certain kind of life which he has chosen to lead. . . . (140)    Despite the wonderful personal attributes he possesses, Othello still falls prey to the sinister Iago. His gullibility and naivete make this possible. Francis Ferguson in â€Å"Two Worldviews Echo Each Other† describes how Othello carries out Iago’s plan of destruction:    Othello moves to kill Desdemona (Act V, scene 2) with that â€Å"icy current and compulsive course† which he had felt at the end of Act III, scene 3.

Abel Magwitch Essay

The writer then shows how powerful Pip thinks Abel Magwitch is. â€Å"So that his eyes looked most powerfully down into mine, and mine looked most helplessly up into his. † This creates sympathy for Pip because he is helpless and alone. Dickens then emphasizes how helpless Pip is. â€Å"After each question he tilted me over a little more, so as to give me a greater sense of helplessness and danger. † This creates more sympathy for Pip. Abel Magwitch then threatens Pip to scare him and to make sure that he does what he asks. â€Å"You bring me, tomorrow morning early, that file and them wittles. You bring the lot to me, at that old Battery over yonder. You do it, and you never dare to say a word or dare to make a sign concerning your having seen such a person as me, or any person sum ever, and you shall be let to live. You fail, or you go from my words in any particular, no matter how small it is, and your heart and your liver shall be tore out, roasted and ate. † Dickens uses imagery here which creates a sense of fear for Pip which contributes to sympathy towards Pip. Abel Magwitch then talks about another character â€Å"Now, I aint alone, as you might think I am. There’s a young man hid with me, in comparison with which young man I am an angel. † This frightens Pip even more as he is already terrified of Abel Magwitch never mind another character. Here, the reader recognises how grief-stricken Pip is. In the second extract of Great Expectations that I am going to comment on Pip visits a wealthy lady called Havisham. There is a young girl that Miss Havisham lives with called Estella. Miss Havisham has taken legal responsibility for Estella even though they are not related. My feelings towards extract two are that Dickens creates sympathy for Pip my emphasising social classes and that appearance matter a great deal in the novel. Dickens starts the second extract by setting the scene and comments on Miss Havisham. Dickens creates sympathy for Miss Havisham first when Pip and Miss Havisham are talking. Miss Havisham says â€Å"You are not afraid of a woman who has never seen the sun since you were born? † this makes the reader sympathise with Miss Havisham because the sun is a wonderful thing which most people enjoy seeing. Miss Havisham then tells Estella to play a game of cards with Pip. Estella replies â€Å"with this boy! Why, he is a common labouring boy! † this creates sympathy for Pip as it is an insult to Pip. Estella then remarks â€Å"he calls the knaves, Jacks, this boy! † â€Å"And what coarse hands he has and what thick boots! † We then read that Pip â€Å"had never thought of been ashamed of his hands before. † The reader sympathises with Pip hear as he is embarrassed about his hands. The language and dialogue in extract two is very important, Dickens creates the impression that Pip is like a slave (although he is not). The way that Miss Havisham speaks to Pip is very distinctive, she does not ask him do to things she tells him what to do and when to do it. An example of this is on line 124 â€Å"when shall I have you here again. Let me think. † She then thinks for a while and says â€Å"come here again in six days. You hear? † this creates sympathy for Pip as he gets ordered what to do and has no choice in the matter. I have read two extracts of Great Expectation and commented on how Charles Dickens creates sympathy for his characters. Dickens is a talented author and uses many tools to create sympathy for his characters.

50 First Dates – Movie

50 First Dates The movie I’m writing my paper on is 50 First Dates. It’s about a guy named Henry trying to build a romantic relationship with a girl named Lucy. How they went through there ups and downs in forming that relationship. Henry at first was in to short-term attractions to the tourist and very disclosed. He was afraid of commitment because of what he went through in college. He would jump from one sexual attraction to another not think anything of it.While Lucy who had a mental disorder called Goldfield Syndrome, which made her lose her short-term memory. Really had no chose on being in a relationship because she wouldn’t remember the person the next day. That would all change the moment Henry first saw her in a cafe. Henry at first was into hooking up with the tourist women knowing that they were leaving soon. He had a lot of short-term initials with those women. He would show them a good time while they were on vacation and then lie to them about who he was so they wouldn’t look for him.Henry didn’t really seem like he wanted to fall in love with anyone because of his girlfriend in college breaking his heart. He was very disclosed to these ladies not letting his feelings get out there. Lucy on the other hand had no relationships with any one because of the disorder. If she got to know someone one day she would forget him the very next day. A year before she was in a car accident which caused her to lose her short-term memory.She was living the same day for over a year with the help of her family lying to her about what day and year it was. So one day Henry went to eat breakfast at this local cafe when he laid his eyes on Lucy. He had a physical attraction to her the very first time he saw her. Lucy was sitting in a booth making a pancake house when Henry decided to walk over there and compliment her on the design. They hit it off very well at the beginning and started to talk while they ate breakfast. They had a lo t of similarity from the†¦

American dream amer Essay example

American dream amer Essay example American dream amer Essay example Raven Des Jardins H. American Lit essay 8/22/14 My Antonia vs. American Dream Willa Cather's My Antonia tells the story of Antonia Shimerda, a Bohemian immigrant growing up in early twentieth-century rural Nebraska. The story is told through the perspective of a boy named Jim Burden, in the form of a memoir featuring random memories having to do with Antonia. To Jim, Antonia is the symbol of his youth. He sees her as full of energy and life, and is perhaps drawn to her because of this, to fill a gap in his quiet, observational personality. The story focuses on Antonia, and her struggles as an immigrant woman struggling to balance her goal to get as much out of life with the poverty she is caught in. Antonia's family emigrates to Nebraska from their country Bohemia and buys a small homestead for an exorbitant price, and only knows one person in the country who speaks their language. Her family has almost nothing, and the first we are told of the Shimerdas is: "They can't any of them speak English, except one little girl, and a ll she can say is 'We go to Black Hawk, Nebraska.'" (18). Antonia, however, sets out to learn with a vengeance. She devours knowledge during English lessons from Jim, and the two form a friendship. Her life was apparently not meant to be easy, however. Antonia had always been close with her father, and, following his suicide, she is devastated. It had been a difficult winter for the family, and without her father the family is rudderless. Antonia's older brother, Ambrosch took over for the family, and instead of going to the nearby country school, Antonia worked in the fields with her brother. She lamented this loss of education, for her father had had quite a bit of higher education and Antonia looked up to him even after his death. She continued to try her hardest to impress her brother though, and to do as much labor as she can. She quickly becomes boastful about her farming skills, and the muscle she has built. She seems to have lost her vivacious charm that was so entr ancing to Jim when he first met her, and during a visit to Jim's, he asks her why she is always trying to be someone other than herself. Antonia, just a teenager, replies "If I live here, like you, that is different. Things will be easy for you. But they will be hard for us." (124). At her young age Antonia already knows the challenges of being European immigrants in the newly settled country, equality is something she knows she will never have fully. The American Dream may be an image everyone has in their heads, but for some it is harder to achieve than others, even impossible due to prejudices. Antonia has lived in America only for several years and already been a firsthand witness to this injustice. The tale of Antonia continues through Jim's high school career, when his family moves into the nearby town so that Jim can have an education. The same year, the Shimerdas can no longer feed themselves, and so Antonia is sent to work as a hired girl and send her wages back to h er family. The house that hires Antonia is coincidentally next to Jim's new house, and so the saga continues. Conflict arises when Antonia begins to frequent the dancing halls. Though she is considered rough by many of the more refined townsfolk, she develops a passion for dancing and takes every opportunity she can get to go, and this upsets the people that have hired her as a live-in servant girl. The problem is that Antonia's dancing with many different partners has given her a reputation, and the family felt as though it would come back to them negatively. Rather than quit, Antonia goes to work for another house that doesn't care. Even when faced with resistance, Antonia chooses to follow the path she wishes, embodying

Evans, Walter. The Fall of the House of Usher and Poes Theory of the Tale.

Evans, Walter. The Fall of the House of Usher and Poes Theory of the Tale. In this article, Walter Evans discusses the narrative style of Edgar Allan Poe and speaks about the peculiarities of such a short story as The Fall of the House of Usher. This novella occupies a distinctive place in the creative legacy of this writer, and it is included in many collections or anthologies. This literary work has always attracted a close attention of many literary critics who intend to study the literary elements and techniques used by Poe.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Evans, Walter. The Fall of the House of Usher and Poes Theory of the Tale. specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More On the whole, Walter Evans believes that this literary work does not comply with narrative principles advocated by Poe in many of his critical articles (Evans 137). Moreover, in the author’s opinion, Poe adopts a dramatically different narrative approach which was virtually unprecedented in the nineteenth century. Thus, t he readers should consider this issue in order to assess this short story. These are the main arguments that this scholar tries to elaborate in his discussion. In his critical works, this writer lays stress on the necessity to create the â€Å"preconceived effect† by inventing or combining the so-called â€Å"incidents† that enable the author to grasp the attention of a reader and produce a specific impression on the audience (Evans 138). In this case, the word incident is used to describe various elements of the narrative that help the writer to achieve his/her goals. This writer believed that every literary element had to be subordinated to the main effect that the author tried to produce. This method was advocated by many writers in the nineteenth century. Poe applied this approach to many of his short stories. Yet, Walter Evans believes that Poe does not use this principle while writing The Fall of the House of Usher. The scholar describes this short story as †Å"a series of vivid and superficially disjointed images† (Evans 140). Apart from that, in Evans Walter’s view, the narrative elements do not play an important role in this short story. There are some important events that are critical for the development of the narrative, but Edgar Poe does not pay much attention to them. For instance, one can mention the alleged death of Lady Madeline (Evans 140). Furthermore, the readers know very little about the factors that contributed to the downfall of Roderick Usher. This is the major distinctions that the scholar identifies. Overall, in this short story, Edgar Poe uses literary elements that help him create vivid imagery. In particular, one can speak about the use of metaphors that are necessary to create striking descriptions of the house in which the main character lives (Evans 143). These descriptions produce a strong impression on the readers who want to know why this house is depicted in this way. This is why this detail s hould be taken into account. Additionally, these literary devices are importa This description help readers place themselves in the position of the story-teller. Overall, Walter Evans argues that The Fall of the House of Usher can be viewed as the example of a lyric short story in which the sensations of the protagonist are more important than different elements of the plot (Evans 144).Advertising Looking for essay on british literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This issue should not be disregarded because it is vital for the evaluation of this short story. This approach was later adopted by many writers in the twentieth century. In particular, it is possible to mention such authors as Sherwood Anderson and James Joyce. The author’s discussion shows that Edgar Poe could depart from the aesthetic principles which he discussed in his critical reviews. However, in this way, he was able to create innovative works of literature. These are the major points that the scholar makes in this article. One can argue that this article can be of great use to people who are interested in the works of Edgar Poe. His literary legacy is still closely examined by many critics, and his narratives are still open to various interpretations. Furthermore, this source can help a reader understand different approaches to writing short stories. So, this information can be useful for analyzing various narratives created by other writers. More importantly, the source can help readers better appreciate fiction. These are some of the main benefits that can be distinguished. This is why this article can be of great interest to students or even teachers. Certainly, the reading of this source may require some background knowledge. For example, one should learn more about the works of Edgar Poe and his views on literature and story-telling. Additionally, students may read various short stories written by this author . In this way, one can better understand the arguments that Walter Evans makes. This is one of the limitations that should be considered. However, this article contains an in-depth and thought-provoking analysis of Poe’s short story, and it can show how one can examine a work of literature, especially the techniques used by the authors. This is why it should not be overlooked by the readers. Evans, Walter. The Fall of the House of Usher and Poes Theory of the Tale.  Studies in Short Fiction 14.2 (1977): 137-144. ProQuest. Web.

Genealogical Historical Documents at Footnote

Genealogical Historical Documents at Footnote The Bottom Line Important historic documents from the U.S. National Archives are now making their way online due to an agreement with Footnote.com. Digitized copies of documents such as Revolutionary War pension records and Civil War service records can be viewed and even annotated through what is possibly the best image viewer Ive seen on the Web. You can also create free personal story pages to track your research or share your documents and photos. Search results are also free, although youll have to subscribe to view, print and save most of the actual document images. In my opinion, Footnote.com is a bargain for the money. Pros One of the best image viewers Ive seen for accessing images onlineOffers access to millions of historic documents previously unavailable onlineThe ability to annotate and/or add comments to any individual document page7-day free trial available Cons Requires the lastest version of Flash. In some cases, the site wont even load without it.No soundex search. Some advanced search features are available, but not obvious.No FAQ or easy answers to support questions such as the Flash issue.Many document series are still in progress Description Over 5 million images of historical American documents and photos from the 17th, 18th, 19th and 20th centuries.Records include: Revolutionary Civil War pension service records, state naturalization records and case files of the FBI.Annotate, comment, print and save digital document images.Story pages allow you to create a simple Web page with point and click editing.Upload and post your own historical documents for free.Under the nonexclusive agreement, Footnotes images will be available on the National Archives Web site after five years. Guide Review - Footnote.com Footnote.com allows you to search and view over 5 million digitized documents and photos from American history. Members can view, save and print the documents they find. A nifty feature allows you to highlight a name, place or date and add an annotation. Comments can also be added to post corrections or add additional information for anyone else who views the same image. The image viewer works as quickly and seamlessly as any Ive seen, and the jpeg images are of very high quality. Since many of the titles are in progress, I recommend that you use the Browse by Title feature to view the full description of the each document series, as it includes a nice completion status feature. Titles and documents are being added quickly and regularly, however. If you have a problem with the site loading slowly, be sure you have downloaded the latest version of Flash player for your browser. This usually fixes many such problems. Simple search is just that - simple. You enter search terms and then choose whether to search across all documents, or within a specific document set, such as PA Western Naturalizations. There is presently no soundex search, but you can narrow the search by document type, such as across all naturalization records, or within a particular title (first browse to the document subset you wish to search, and then enter your search terms). Advanced search hints can be accessed by clicking on the ? next to search. Footnote.com has the framework in place to be one of the most flexible and user-friendly sites on the Web for American genealogists. Once they add more records (and there are many in the works), upgrade the search feature, and do some tweaking, it has the potential to be a 5 star site. Despite being a newcomer to the world of digitized historic documents, Footnote has definitely risen the bar.

Tea and L-Theanine Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Tea and L-Theanine - Essay Example Theanine competitively restrains the transmission of glutamate into tumor cells. This leads to a fall in the levels of intracellular glutathione (GSH). It also hinders chemotherapeutic agents’ influx restricting them to tumor cells (Thorne Research Inc., 2005). Through its antioxidant capability, theanine also safeguards to normal cells from damage by chemotherapeutic agents. Studies have indicated that L-theanine has the ability to neutralize caffeine’s stimulatory effect. Further, L-theanine has been linked with LDL cholesterol oxidation (Thorne Research Inc., 2005). Green tea is an antioxidant and has a calming effect on users. Passionflower tea relieves tension in the muscles and has a relaxation effects on nerves. Hops alleviate nervousness and stress. Kava relieves people from anxiety and stress. Lemon balm reduces anxiety and boosts mood. Chamomile has a relaxation effect on users. Catnip is a mild stimulant that reduces tension in the muscles. Blue vervain pacifies the nervous system. Lastly, valerian is a sedative, reduces muscle tension and ensures good sleep (Miller, 2013). Therefore, tea is a good stress reliever because of its relaxation

Medical Ethics and Informed Consent Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Medical Ethics and Informed Consent - Assignment Example Researchers argued that the experimentation was to help develop an immunization for hepatitis B. The ethical challenges at hand are that yes, it is evident that research needed to be done on hepatitis at that time. However, children with mental retardation already have problems enough in their lives. This is like saying that their life has no value. In some cases, the parents did not consent. Depending on the level of mental retardation, a child can thrive but to deliberately expose them to hepatitis could greatly diminish their already lowered quality of life and the children have no say in it. They are the ones to go through the pain and struggle but instead were treated as though they were already discarded bodies. For the parents that may have consented to this experiment, they were subjecting their children to something that the effects were unknown. During a type of experiment like this, it is questionable as to what informed consent even is because what are the minimum standar ds for subjecting a person’s life to something that could be fatal for the sake of the medical industry? It could almost be envisioned as child abuse. Neither the researchers nor the publishing journals were responsible in making their decision to infect these children. It could be argued whether or not the publication of these editorials was ethical as well. The information about the research was disclosed that the children were at a particular school and that is an issue of confidentiality. Additionally, it was an experiment conducted on human beings. No one was to know the outcome. To publish the editorials was almost an intent to show that there was controversy in the medical field and to create a media inspired uproar. Abigail Alliance vs. FDA Majority Opinion Abigail was a terminally ill patient with cancer whom had undergone chemotherapy and radiation. She also had possible access to experimental drugs that her oncologist was suggesting. Though she could have possibly had positive effects and saved her life, the drug was only available for clinical trials. By the time that she was allowed to be entered into the clinical trial program, she was too ill to make the trip to see if the drugs would work on her and she died a couple of weeks later. The Abigail Alliance was created to help expand the availability for drugs that are only available for clinical trials to also be available to patients that are terminally ill. These drugs not only could have been helpful for Abigail but for many other patients just like her that were minimally competent and would have had the ability to make the decision for themselves had the FDA not stood in their way of obtaining these drugs. The FDA, though it makes regulations about drugs in the United States, has to conduct research on these pharmaceuticals to test to ensure that they are safe. For someone that is terminally ill, it could be a method of helping to create a better quality of life or even improve their l ongevity. These patients were not given the right to access treatment but the FDA looks at it from the perspective of being a liability if their organization allows just anyone to take these drugs

Literature review and evaluation of the evidence Essay

Literature review and evaluation of the evidence - Essay Example With the patient as the â€Å"unit of analysis,† comparing the feedback-2 period with baseline, the proportion of patients who received any promoted strategy increased from 0.7% to 45.6% (P Pouzeratte et al (2001) reported that thoracic epidural analgesia was more effective with bupivacaine than with ropivacaine when these two local anesthetics are used in a mixture with sufentanil after major abdominal surgery and ropivacaine alone was less effective than ropivacaine in combination with sufentanil. Intensity of post-operative pain was assessed with a reliable and valid Visual Analogue Scale. The study was planned well with a prospective double blind design. In order to assess the tolerability and efficacy of a single dose of paracetamol solution infused intravenously (1g) compared with those of a single dose of Propacetamol (2g) in patients with moderate to severe pain after minor gynecologic surgery, a randomized, double blind, active controlled, 2-parallel group study was performed by Marty et al (2005). The study concluded that a single dose of IV-Paracetamol infusion was associated with better local tolerability, simlar analgesic efficacy, and greater patient satisfaction compared with a single bioequivalent dose of Propacetamol in patients with moderate to severe pain after minor gynecologic surgery. Charghi et al (2003) examined the hypothesis that pain treatment with patient controlled analgesia (PCA) using iv morphine is a suitable and safe alternative to epidural analgesia in morbidly obese patients undergoing gastric bypass surgery. They concluded that PCA with iv morphine is an acceptable strategy for pain management in obese patients undergoing gastric bypass surgery. Mujadi (2006) in a prospective, randomized, double-blind clinical trial reported that preoperative gabapentin decreased pain scores and postoperative morphine consumption in patients following thyroid surgery. Reuben (2000) evaluated the analgesic efficacy of administering a single preoperative dose of celecoxib or rofecoxib for spinal fusion surgery. The study found that rofecoxib demonstrated an extended analgesic effect that lasted throughout the 24-h study. The morphine dose required was significantly less in five of the six time intervals in the rofecoxib group compared with the celecoxib group. Rockeymann (1997)compared the costs, quality of analgesia, and side effects of postoperative patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) with bupivacaine/ sufentanil versus an epidural bolus (BOLUS) of clonidine/morphine in 68 patients with pancreatic surgery. An epidural clonidine/ morphine bolus technique resulted in inferior analgesia, more side effects, and comparable costs compared with a bupivacaine / sufentanil patient controlled

Hong Kong Architecture Style Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 10000 words

Hong Kong Architecture Style - Essay Example Having been born in Hong Kong (HK) and raised there for more than seventeen years, I grew up taking many of the features of my home city for granted. It wasn’t until I opted to study in the United Kingdom that I began to realize the many opportunities I lost. With many years of chances to visit some of the more historical sites and cultural wonders, I did not see any of them. I have surprisingly little awareness to its quality or style of architecture. To me, Hong Kong was just another busy city with the typical rectangular tower blocks and high-rise complexes everywhere. Construction was fast and demolition quick. The only real notice I took of these events was to absently note when a new building brought in a store I wanted or offered some other opportunity directly to my benefit or discomfort or when an older building went down that had been an empty eyesore for any length of time. This pattern I was living in can be characterized as living there only and that is all. Although I lived there, my life could have been characterized as merely existing since I did not notice any of the important things around me that made my living space unique. This theory applies to many who live there. In fact, it applies widely to people living in many places throughout the globe as it is human nature for people to take familiar things for granted. The world moves so fast, events happen so quickly in every sphere of life that success is impossible without keeping in close touch with the latest development. Studying architecture has certainly broadened my vision and changed my perspective regarding these things. My studies opened my eyes, teaching me how to observe and read buildings and the cities in which they stand in totally different ways. Having visited many other countries’ greatest architectural constructions representing many different eras and styles, I began to think about the architecture

I would like you to spend some time looking at images of this poster, Outline

I would like you to spend some time looking at images of this poster, and to note down your thoughts about it - Outline Example The use abstract shapes, rather than realistic shapes are also one of the ways that makes the image more effective. This is because; the different geometrical shapes that have been used can bring out different meanings only to the individuals who understand the shapes. Therefore, I believe that the abstract shapes are more effective as they inspire more individuals to view this image and dig deeper into the real meaning of the image. The use of abstract shapes also helps in keeping the image discrete. The choice of colors and shapes were well considered. The use of wedge shape due to the sharp edges brings out the perception of harm or danger as opposed to the circle which is more vulnerable to sharp objects. The use of red against white color also depicts one group being dangerous and the other being peaceful, therefore, the choice of colors and shapes have been used effectively. The shapes arrangement is also a great way of passing the message of some sort of conflict going on in the image. The smaller pieces add to more feel as they emphasize the larger wedge shape to be more dominant than the circle and other

Poster Design Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Poster Design - Essay Example The internal format of the poster is a simple two-row and four-column symmetrical grid format. We observe the following: The font used, Comic Sans, is legible and not as conservative as Times or as bold as Helvetica or Gill. Comic Sans seemed to be more attractive to children when the poster was tested in a classroom situation. Memory retention studies tell us that readers are 78% more likely to recall information printed in colour as opposed to black and white (L Eiseman 2000). As can be seen from Illustration 2 the change of language for use in Irish schools does not detract from visual impact of the poster. The illustrations in the poster (checked for accuracy by Health Board Dental staff), support the text and add to the cheerful and friendly feel of the poster. Created as an A3, 300DPI, Litho print, this poster could be enlarged up to A2 with the DPI reduced on a large-scale digital printer. The image used for the poster, strengthens the advertised promotion. While not of the best quality, breaking it up to create a more interesting visual effect made it attract potential readers to the poster. This poster was also created for Litho printing. However, digital printers could also produce it. Nevertheless, be aware that not all digital printers can hold the flood of green contained in the poster. Test printed on an Epson 9000 with clean heads, the printout was acceptable at A1 size. Illustration-4 is an A1, ... The illustrations in the poster (checked for accuracy by Health Board Dental staff), support the text and add to the cheerful and friendly feel of the poster. Created as an A3, 300DPI, Litho print, this poster could be enlarged up to A2 with the DPI reduced on a large-scale digital printer. Moving on to Illustration-3, this is an A3, CMYK, portrait, promotional poster with a simple left aligned symmetry. The salient points of this poster are: The dominant colour - green helps to create a feeling of "freshness and renewal" (L Eiseman 2000). The use of some yellow creating an analogous colour combination with the over print of an ambulance photograph does not detract from the visual impact of the poster. Indeed the yellow Gill Sans text draws the readers eye towards the relevant information which is presented "clearly, simply and efficiently" (P Wildbur, M Burke 1998). The image used for the poster, strengthens the advertised promotion. While not of the best quality, breaking it up to create a more interesting visual effect made it attract potential readers to the poster. This poster was also created for Litho printing. However, digital printers could also produce it. Nevertheless, be aware that not all digital printers can hold the flood of green contained in the poster. Test printed on an Epson 9000 with clean heads, the printout was acceptable at A1 size. Illustration-4 is an A1, large-scale digital promotional and informational poster created for people who are recovering from a stroke. Here is a three-row two-column asymmetrical design. The highlights are: The poster creates a strong visual impact through the depiction of a cross roads (as represented by the text running across and up and down the poster). The use of white reinforces the message of

I would like you to spend some time looking at images of this poster, Outline

I would like you to spend some time looking at images of this poster, and to note down your thoughts about it - Outline Example The use abstract shapes, rather than realistic shapes are also one of the ways that makes the image more effective. This is because; the different geometrical shapes that have been used can bring out different meanings only to the individuals who understand the shapes. Therefore, I believe that the abstract shapes are more effective as they inspire more individuals to view this image and dig deeper into the real meaning of the image. The use of abstract shapes also helps in keeping the image discrete. The choice of colors and shapes were well considered. The use of wedge shape due to the sharp edges brings out the perception of harm or danger as opposed to the circle which is more vulnerable to sharp objects. The use of red against white color also depicts one group being dangerous and the other being peaceful, therefore, the choice of colors and shapes have been used effectively. The shapes arrangement is also a great way of passing the message of some sort of conflict going on in the image. The smaller pieces add to more feel as they emphasize the larger wedge shape to be more dominant than the circle and other

Looking at history "from below" Essay

Looking at history "from below" - Essay Example While Europeans may argue that religion was the main objective of their visit for America, it is clear that they exercised oppression and denied the natives of their rights, which can be better described. However, historians have ignored this fact and termed their invasion to America as a mere discovery. From this perspective, it is clear that history has been a subject of bias, influenced by the personal ideas of its authors. Dussell, an Argentine-Mexican liberator philosopher, is among authors who have focused on the subjective nature of history and its implication as far as constructing historical events is concerned. Dussell (126) opens by representing the two sides of the same coin as far as historical opinions are concerned. He argues that history can be analyzed from the top or from below, while considering the position of the writer. Analyzing the analyzing the history of Europeans entry in America from above implies analyzing the opinions presented by the European history. From the perspective of Europeans, their entry into America was either an invention of a country or even its discovery. Invention implies the creation of a country that never existed, while discovery implies the finding of a country that had not been known to exist. On the other hand, approaching history from below, Americans perceive European visitation as uncalled for and the worst form of invasion. From this point of view, h istory suffers subjectivity and the impression that it stands for depends on whether it is analyzed from a â€Å"top† or â€Å"below† approach. Evidently, criticism of history is an issue that has prevailed for many years as scholars identify the voice of the writers within historical recordings. Twain is among author who found fault in historical recordings and expressed the weakness that history has suffered for many years. Twain stated that â€Å"the very ink with which all history is written is merely fluid

Barriers for Parent Engagement in Childcare Services

Barriers for Parent Engagement in Childcare Services Critically discuss the barriers that parents may face in engaging with one area of the children’s services. What role can practitioners play in overcoming some of these barriers? Parents and practitioners trying to access help for children with disabilities face many barriers when engaging with children’s services. While changes have happened in society over the past number of years it can still be said that there is always room for improvement in children’s services. This TMA will focus on children with a disability and how parents and practitioners face the barriers of being heard and accessing the help available to them. While children with disabilities have been integrated into mainstream school or given the opportunity within a special need schools, parents still face barriers of the integration of multi-agencies and getting the right help and advice. Over the past few years change has come about from children with special needs been hidden away to now being integrated into mainstream education or special need schools. This has developed as a result of the implantation of new laws and legislation to protect child’s rights e.g. children’s NI order (1995), Education Act (2011), and also the present Ten year strategy for children and young people in Northern Ireland 2006-2016. While this has brought about significant change and better quality of education for special needs children it can be critically argued that parents still face many barriers within the education system. Ashley Walter (2014) identified that children with disabilities have more unmet health needs. This was further seen more from children of rural areas. Parents are not only having to coping with the additional needs of their child’s disability, but also the barriers of seeking help and being heard for their child to receive the right education . As a foster parents for a disabled child I can refer to these parents as I too found the barriers of known what services was available as information is limited. Lambing (2009) supports these parents when his studies identified that parents face the barriers of not knowing how the system works and the support available to access for their child’s needs. It can also be equally argued that parents themselves set the barrier to engage with the services. This may be a result of not coming to terms with their child’s disability being in denial or that they feel ashamed of not being able to cope. I was inspired by the research of Brodhurst (2003) which shows that parents of disabled children have a social barrier in engaging in services. Chin and Philip (2004) support this when talking about Cultural capital, on how parents from different social strata define how their child is raised. It can be seen how parent’s aspirations can influence barriers as they can higher expectations for their child than they are capable of. This is when the role of the practitioner plays an important role to overcoming these barriers. Parents need the support in knowing that there is something wrong as well as learning that engaging with different services will overcome barriers. The integration of children’s services has been set up to reach out to these parents. Guaralnick J M talks about early intervention and its importance to both the child and their family. The development of Sure Start is seen as a crucial early year services. They provide an invaluable network of support and guidance to help overcome some of the integration barriers parents’ face. Cohan (2005) sees that while services change and multi-agencies work together, so too does the relationship with the child change. Parents are therefore faced with the new barriers of how the child will intergraded into this system. This is supported by the research reported in the Journal of developmental and behavioural paediatrics, where parents and providers both perspective in barriers where children with disabilities are unable to integrate into the system due to their complex needs of coping with change and new facilities. It can be critically argued that our system tends to fit the child into the services rather than the service into the child. Can appointments not be carried out in the home or school environment? Has the child condition been taken into consideration especially a child who can’t cope with new places or people? These are some of the many questions and barriers that parents face. As service providers it can critically be said that we have a tendency to l ook at what we think is best for the child rather than listening to child themselves. As a foster parent I too faced these barriers as the child I cared for found difficult is coping with change. When attending appointments it caused stress and anxiety given the many barriers to overcome. Child A had the difficulties of dealing with not only the new surrounding but also the different faces and assessments needs. Then there are the barriers of waiting on decisions. I can say that I found it hard to know the outcomes and faced the barriers of frustration in not knowing what is happen and how Child A needs were being met. It is important as services providers to remember while all areas of development are interlinked each child is an individual. Like Young C talked about in video clip three learning guide 17.2 while the contributing of information is important we have to consider how we gather this information as it can be seen an innovation when professional visit the setting within s hort period to carry out similar assessments. This is the same for parents attending numerous appointments as it becomes frustrating to getting the same feedback and not answers to the services their child needs. Turner (2003) research I feel is important as he talked about the importance for the child’s welfare of having numerous agencies while at the same time having the support of a co-ordinator known as a Key worker to work on their behalf to reduce stress. These methods would help reduce some barriers and provide the support for parents during difficult periods. As stated in the Warnock Report (1978) â€Å"Parents provide valuable if not unique information for professionals who can then decide on the appropriate course of action in the ‘best interest of the child.† Parent’s participation is crucial in the ongoing development of services as they will be there for the children when professional are not. An interesting Journal came to my attention was the Facilitators and barriers for co – ordinated multi-agency services which highlighted that while there is little evidence on the effectiveness of multi-agency it has been found that barriers are reduced of collecting information, clear aims and timelines. While we talk about partnership it is argued that it evolves, grows and develops a style of attitudes and working together, it can be critically argued that this attitude constantly influences relationship within the partnership and the children needs are met. Like Savage J in Video clip 2 Learning guide 17.2 states there is no point in ‘demonising’ agencies who are viewed as not contributing; it should be recognised that they have their own objectives which need to be linked to shared objectives which need to be linked to shared objectives. While this is true the barriers both parents and schools face are of professionals not wanting to over step their role in m aking formal decisions as they don’t feel they have the authority as its beyond their job title. The key to direction of interagency work was set out as a process of consulting the children, young people, and parents using the service. It is to enables the children to comment on their needs and issues directly related to interagency service delivery. While this is the aim barriers are still faced todays parents and practitioners. While the interagency is to help relieve these barriers as a childcare practitioner working in the early years I too face the barriers of been heard. In schools practitioners also have to overcome barriers to help the child as well as building parent’s relationship. As a practitioner we need the parents support as they are the main source of vital information for the child welfare. This can be challenging when a child is unknown to have a special need and is identified within the school. While the UNCRC (1989) legislates the right for children to be educated in mainstream schools both practitioners and parents face the barriers of being heard and having the support needed to allow their children needs met. In my own setting we face the barriers of children not been assessed before school age especially children that present with autism, this therefore leads onto being declined the support needed within the setting. These barriers have an ongoing effect not only on the child but the stress parents face to being heard. Guralnick J M (1991) highlights the importance of early intervention and the benefits it has on the child’s development as well Government DFE (2012) suggesting that poor provision for children and young people with SEND, particularly those with needs such as autism and dyslexia is likely to significantly affect their quality of life. However it does not always happen in practise. In my own voluntary organisation we do not have the support of the education system as we are seen as a pre-school and not a nursery even though the difference is the title. This therefore does not enable us to have the support of early intervention to get children assessed for autism. These children are suffering and barriers are set against the pre-school in providing services and helping parents to get the best start for their child. It can be seen that while new laws and legislation has seen improvements in children’s services it can be seen that the voluntary organisation who focus on the specific needs of the child, know more about children’s needs rather than the local authorities. The voluntary organisations work hands on with parents and children taking strategic partnership forward. It therefore is important that voluntary agencies are not set barriers but be included within partnership with children. Some families will turn to smaller community group for supporting needs resulting from the mistrust of statutory organisations. Voluntary organisations are user lead in that they are focusing on the child as well as the policy. That’s why it’s important that they feed into policy rather than local authorises which don’t work hands on. The sure start organisation has had a great impact in helping parents with barriers they face. Within the organisation they have provided a service where all personal meet under the one complex reducing the barriers for parents whose children have complex needs and find change difficult to cope with. It ca n however be critically said that some organisation only reach out to rural areas and parents outside this catchment area still face the barriers. It could be therefore said that the government need to review their services and enable all users to avail of the services. Voluntary organisations like the pre-schools also need to be included in these services so barriers can be reduced and children assessed at a young age. This would not only have the nature of the partnership been redefined but so too has the concept of childhood on the role of the community strengthened. As DH 2001 research shows that power can over view the resources needed and the children’s needs. In conclusion to this ATM it can be said that Law recognises disabled children as being in need. While many parents and practitioners still face barriers to accessing services for disabled children in need, many barriers can be overcome through multi – agency support services that has a evolve to adopt a ‘holistic’ approach with the child at the centre. Voluntary organisations integrating into government and state holders are contracting these powers, drawing them into policy process would give children and parents an important role in the shaping of government and how finance is distributed. This approach is supported by Tuner (2003) in research carried out with disability and young people for the Welsh Assembly, it was clearly demonstrated that the views of the disabled people and parents was of importance. There has been and will continue a constant shifting of barriers for children, parents and practitioners within the integration of agencies, to ensuring that our children’s wellbeing’s are met. References Barriersto inclusion Joseph Rowntree Foundation Dixon SD (2010) Developmental Behavioral Pediatrics: official Journal of society. Publisher: Wolters Kluwer Health Frost N, (2008) ‘Interagency working with children and families: what works and what makes a difference’ in Collins, Foley P Rixon A (eds), Changing children’s services, The Policy Press, The open University Bristol. Guralnick M J, (1991). The Next Decade of Research on the Effectiveness of Early Intervention. Published by University of Washington Hammond L, L, (2013). Integrated services for Aboriginal children and families, New Zealand, Australasian Journal of Early Childhood, Vol. 38 Issue 1 journals.lww.com/jrnldbp/Pages/default.aspx‎ Kimberly P (2014). Barriers and Facilitators of Access to Health and Support Services for Adolescents Living with Disabilities in a Rural Area. Publisher University Honours Program. Lesack, Bearss r, Celano k, Sharp m, William G. (2014) Parent–Child Interaction Therapy and autism spectrum disorder: Adaptations with a child with severedevelopmentaldelays. Publisher: Educational Publishing Foundation. Leverett S, (2008) ‘Parenting, practice and Policy’ in Collins, Foley P Rixon A (eds), Changing children’s services, The Policy Press, The open University Bristol. Lewis J (2011) From Sure Start to childrens centres: an analysis of policy change in English early years programmes. Publishers Cambridge University Press Meghan N. MD, D. (2014) Parent and Provider Perspectives on Procedural Care for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders. Volume 35 issue 3. Publisher: Wolters Kluwer Health Royston S Rodrigues L (2013) Breaking Barriers: How to help children’s centres reach disadvantaged families. Publishers The Children’s Society Sloper P (2004) Facilitators and barriers for coà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ordinated multià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ agency services, Volume 30 Issue 6. Publisher: Child: care, health and development, 2004 Wiley Online Library Stone B Foley P, (2008) ‘Towards integrated working’ in Collins, Foley P Rixon A (eds), Changing children’s services, The Policy Press, The open University Bristol. www.childrenssociety.org.uk (20 April 2014) www.sagepub.com/upm-data/25240_01_cheminals_ch_01.pdf (29 April 2014) www.foundationyears.org.uk (1May 2014) KE312 Working together for children Activity 17.2 KE312 Working together for children Activity 17.3 Sinead Bartley (Sb35636) TMA5 Page 1

percolating paranoia :: essays research papers

Percolating Paranoia Fritz Lang's The Big Heat Fritz Lang brings the terrors of noir into the bright kitchens of America. Watch that coffee pot! BY H In Bright Lights 12 devoted to film noir, Gary Morris locates the malaise giving rise to the noir sensibility in the "mechanized, immoral, soul-destroying city."1 He defines the urban noir setting as attacking its characters’ chances for "hope, happiness, peace, complacency, and romance" (Morris 16). Although the attack may be related to the loss of a pastoral setting as Morris suggests, many film noir narratives locate those happy possibilities in the seemingly stable institution of the family, and can be read as ironic, hopeless searches for a humanized, moral, soul-restoring home. According to Sylvia Harvey, "the loss of those satisfactions normally obtained through the possession of a wife and the presence of a family" is one of the recurrent themes of film noir.2 Of course, the archetypal array of characters in film noir are not family members, but the hard-boiled, trench-coated detective; the beautiful, duplicitous, and greedy femme fatale w ith a revolver shoved deep into the pocket of her fur coat; and a fascinating complement of criminals ranging from sleazy and violent hoodlums to their glib and urbane bosses. The film noir narrative, with its aura of paranoia accentuated by nontraditional lighting and mise en scene, usually plays out not in the brightly lit kitchen or living room of a comfortable home but at night in dimly lit back streets glistening with rain or shadowy stairwells filled with looming shadows. Through a careful reading of a noir text that presents both the typical film noir mise en scene and various familial images, a sense of film noir’s complicated relationship to the family develops. The Big Heat (1953), directed by Fritz Lang, represents family life as a sham, as a relationship of convenience, as perverse, and finally as so fragile and threatened that even an icon of domesticity becomes a weapon. In The Big Heat, violence and criminality contaminate a small city, controlling elections and the police, as well as threatening familial institutions. The cast of characters I have identified as archetypal of film noir narratives is present, but, in keeping with many such films of the ‘50s, they have moved out of the shadowy stairwells and back alleys to occupy well-furnished homes and luxurious estates. Much of the violence occurs offscreen — in the diegesis of the film, occurring no doubt in the old haunts of film noir.

Stereotypical Images of Native Americans Essay -- American America His

Stereotypical Images of Native Americans The encounter of Christopher Columbus with the indigenous people of the Americas and the Caribbean would ultimately set in motion the destruction of Native American life and culture as it had existed for thousands of years. Images and stereotypes of the Native Americans were indelibly etched into the minds of the Europeans and we struggle today to eradicate these harmful portrayals. When Columbus arrived in the Caribbean in 1492, he was greeted by the natives of what is currently Haiti and the Dominican Republic, on the island of Hispaniola. These people were the Taino Indians, who belong to the general group Arawak, which primarily describes the common language shared by the native people from the area now known as Venezuela all the way up to modern-day Florida. Columbus was immediately struck by the peaceful, generous nature of the Taino. He wrote, "they are gentle and comely people. They are so naive and free with their possessions that no one who has not witnessed them would never believe it. When you ask for something they have, they never say no. To the contrary, they offer to share with anyone... They willingly traded everything they owned..." The Taino society was very highly organized, with a patriarchal hierarchy and distinguished by happiness and friendliness. There were 5 different kingdoms on the island of Hispaniola and each kingdom was led by a cacique. Polygamy was in practice and the caciques often had as many as 30 wives, although most men had only 2 or 3. The wife of a cacique enjoyed great status and honor, as did her children. The people of the kingdom paid a tax or tribute to their cacique in exchange for overseeing the village. There were other hierar... ...ine: I. Columbus meets the Taino/Arawak Indians A. Peaceful/ generous nature 1. highly organized society 2. little defense capabilities or the necessity for them B. Manner of living 1. dress 2. housing C. Genocide 1. cruel treatment 2. disease 3. disappearance of cultural heritage 4. population estimates II. European Impressions A. Strong, self-determined people 1. King Ferdinand's letter to the Taino B. Savages 1. Religious implications 2. Self-serving rationalization III. Native American Stereotypes A. Film B. Literature C. Children's Books 1. The Indian in the Cupboard 2. demeaning vocabulary, "vanishing Indian" concept IV. Contemporary Impressions A. "red" man - designation created by Linnaeus 1. tribal affiliations disregarded 2. assimilation in "white" society B. Discrimination in current society

Criticism of the government Essay

In naming people, the girls were probably projecting their own guilt onto others. In this assignment, â€Å"The Crucible† by Arthur Miller I am going to explore the whole situation to discover from where I think the evil came from. In order to do this, I am going to need to analyse some of the characters and state how much I think they contributed to the real evil in Salem. Firstly there is Samuel Parris. He is a very memorable character. Throughout the play, his character comes across as nasty, cold and cunning but underneath that bold exterior we see that he is an insecure and cowardly man who is easily intimidated by those of higher power in order to achieve what he believes to be a high status. Because of this, and the fact that he is widowed and has never been able to care for children, anyone who has read the play will find Parris unfit to be a father to his only daughter Betty, let alone be a minister of Salem. Due to his insecurity, Parris is paranoid that whatever he does, or wherever he goes he is being judged, as Arthur Miller states in his introduction, â€Å"He believed he was being persecuted wherever he went, despite his best efforts to win people and God to his side. † As he thinks of himself as a man of importance to the ordinary people of Salem, because he is a minister of Salem, he is over-sensitive and easily offended, even if â€Å"someone rose to shut the door without first asking his permission. † Between the very start of the play and the very end, there is quite a change in Samuel Parris’ character so our feelings towards him change also. As a member of an audience first watching the play, I would have no idea of the characteristics of Parris, which are described above, so when Parris first appears I am not biased towards him, and, in fact pity him as he kneels helplessly at the bedside of his daughter, although this feeling does not last long. We can see through Parris’ actions throughout the play that he is actually quite a foolish man. Although it is obvious that there are many others who can be blamed for the start of the witch-hunts in Salem, Samuel Parris is to blame on many occasions. For instance, his inability to handle the situation, the dancing in the woods, where he found his daughter, niece and other young girls in the wood, doing what he thought to be conjuring spirits, and Betty’s state of unconsciousness. Parris could have handled the situation with humour, realising that such young girls were most probably unable to conjure spirits, and that Betty may have reacted like she did out of fear and hysteria. In this scene we find that Parris is very selfish as he cares more for his reputation than for the well being of his only daughter. He says that he does not wish to leap to withcraft for the cause of Betty’s state when he says, â€Å"Let him look to medicine and put out all thought of unnatural causes here. There be none. † We believe that he is worried about his daughter and does not wish to let himself believe that there might be some evil presence with a hold on Betty, but it soon becomes apparent that he is only worried about his reputation and how his enemies will try and use Betty’s condition against him, â€Å"Now look you child, your punishment will come in its time. But if you trafficked with spirits in the forest I must know it now, for surely my enemies will, and they will ruin me with it. † Parris can also be quite cruel. Instead of bringing up his niece Abigail as a cherished member of his family, he sends her out to work as a maid to the families of the village. Because of this, and all the previous discoveries made about Parris, it is easy for the audience to start to see his character differ from how it was at the very start of the play. We start to resent Parris, and start to see the cunning and selfish character of Parris, as described in Arthur Miller’s introduction to the play. One action that proves just how prone to act before thinking Parris is, is when he calls for Reverend Hale of Beverly, an expert in seeking out unnatural presences, although he has already stated that he does not want to look to unnatural causes to find the source of Betty’s condition. He then progresses to tell Mr Hale that he caught the girls in the woods conjuring spirits, â€Å"Why, sir-I discovered her and my niece and ten or twelve of the other girls, dancing in the forest last night. † There was absolutely no need for Parris to have told Hale that. If he had not told him then Hale would have eventually have had to come to some conclusion about what was wrong with Betty and even if he did say it was to do with the unnatural world, Samuel Parris, nor any of the girls could be held responsible. It is doubtful that any of the girls would have confessed it themselves as the other girls threatened those who came close to telling. Later on in the play, Parris realises this early mistake he has made even though by now it is too late to save himself. After Hale eventually manages to get the girls to confess to have conjured spirits, we see a great change in Parris’ views towards witchcraft. He no longer wishes to stay away from the possibility of unnatural causes; in fact he does all he can to put all the blame on it when he finds that he can use it to his advantage. Parris seems to find it his responsibility to make matters worse for anyone accused of witchcraft, as with anyone who’s testament may stand in the way of him achieving what he wants. As the girls make wild accusations about the poor innocent members of the Salem community, Parris makes senseless claims that make it seem like the girls are telling the truth. He does the same with anyone who tries to defend someone he has accused. He does this solely for his own benefit. Take for example when, in Act three, Judge Danforth asks John Proctor, â€Å"Now, what deposition do you have for us, Mr Proctor? † to which Proctor replies â€Å"It’s a sort of testament. The people signing it declare their good opinion or Rebecca, and my wife, and Martha Corey. † Parris tries to enforce doubt into the minds of those present by questioning the validity of his argument, â€Å"Their good opinion! † though thankfully, he does this to no avail. Parris’ character stays pretty much the same throughout the duration of the play. He continues to ruin people’s lives. He is quite wise as he is able to manipulate people’s words to make it sound as if they are confessing to have trafficked with the devil. Nearing the end of the play, when John Proctor has been accused of witchcraft and is to be hanged, Parris’ character changes somewhat. Prior to the accusation against Proctor, Parris has slandered John Proctor and Giles to judge Danforth so that they will not be believed because he knows that if they are, it will look bad on his part. Soon after Proctor is accused, the people of Salem, who had always applauded the execution of ‘witches’, realised that the innocent were being killed. They chose to take out their anger on Parris and he received death wishes, one being a dagger in his door. This is what brings on the peculiar difference in his character. With his vain attempts, he tries to get Proctor to admit to witchcraft although he knows he’s not guilty of it. Parris’ reason for doing this is clear to the audience, and our beliefs that he is a selfish man are confirmed. There are also many others who can be blamed for the Salem witch-trials. One other is Abigail Williams. I think that Abigail is the main, and close to being the only cause of the witch hunts in Salem. In comparison to all the other characters that I will describe, she is relatively young, yet she seems to be the wisest in the art of corruption and deceit. As with every character in the play, as a member of the audience I know nothing about Abigail’s character other done what she shows through how she portrays herself on stage. Because of this, when we first meet Abigail’s character, we have no previously existing feelings towards her. We first see Abigail when she has just entered the bedroom of her cousin Betty, who lies inert on her bed after the shock of being caught dancing in the woods. Her character seems to be gentle and caring. We soon learn that she is not so innocent because of two things she does, or has done. The first is the news of the cruel deed that she is supposed to have committed against Elizabeth Proctor, as Parris says â€Å"Abigail, is there any other cause than you have told me, for your being discharged from Goody Proctor’s service†¦ she comes so rarely to church this year for she will not sit so close to something soiled. What signified that remark? † By the way that she responds to this, it is simple to see that she is very aware of how she feels about people, and cares nothing about the respect she should show them, through what she says, â€Å"She hates me, uncle, she must, for I would not be her slave. It’s a bitter woman, a lying, cold, snivelling, woman, and I will not work for such a woman! † The second is the change in attitude she has towards Betty. She claims that she will never do anything to harm Betty, â€Å"I would never hurt Betty. I love her dearly. † But as soon as Parris has left the room, we see that she is conniving and all that she said whilst Parris was in the room was an act. Immediately we grow to resent Abigail as we have seen her for just a short while, yet she has already been deceitful to someone that she should have great respect for. Abigail, in fact, has no real care for Betty. Her only care is that Betty does not land her in trouble. Once Parris has left the room, Abigail becomes more aggressive in her attempts to get Betty out of her unconscious state, â€Å"Betty? Now stop this! Betty! Sit up now! † Abigail is a person who easily intimidates her peers. I personally think that the other girls allow her to be so dominant over them as they think that she has no fear of anyone because of what happened to her parents, â€Å"†¦ I saw Indians smash my dear parents’ heads on the pillow next to mine, and I have seen some reddish work done at night, and I can make you wish you had never seen the sun go down! † There is much that can be said about Abigail, and her contribution to the evil in Salem. As Mary Warren tells her early on in the play, all Abigail has to do, to save her own, and many others lives, is admit to having had danced in the woods. If she had been straight with Parris and told him everything that went on in the woods – instead of blaming it on Tituba – then she, along with the other girls who participated, would have only been whipped for their dancing. When Abigail and Proctor are first seen together in Betty’s room, we see once more the lack of Abigail’s innocence as we find out about the pairs brief encounter, â€Å"Give me a soft word, John. A soft word. † The manner in which Abigail talks to Proctor is not of that of a child, so any beliefs that we assumed about the innocence of her character are dashed. When Reverend Hale first arrives and begins to question Abigail, she is frightened of the thought of being caught, and then when Hale simply asks if she was forced into it by Tituba, she finds a useful way of shifting the blame away from her, and onto someone that she herself knows is entirely innocent. Because of this our feelings towards Abigail change dramatically. Not only has her character lost its innocence, but it has also gained a streak of deceit, cruelty, and cowardice. Out of pure fear for her life, Tituba confesses to having had conjured spirits, but when Abigail joins her in confessing, it is done purely to alleviate her from the guilt of letting Tituba take all the blame. The fact that the other girls soon join in after Abigail either symbolises the same thing it did with Abigail or just shows how much power Abigail expresses other them. Because of the fact that Tituba is supposed to be a cherished friend of all the girls, how easily the girls can blame her comes as a shock, and just shows how far from kind the girls are. Unknowingly the adults actually fuel the start of the witch-hunts as they feed the girls with names of people that can be held liable of committing the ‘crime’. However, Abigail is fully aware of what the adults are doing and uses it to her advantage. The other girls follow Abigail, but only out of the hysteria. This event helps to inspire Abigail. Throughout the rest of the play, Abigail uses this technique to claim that she saw people with the devil. She is believed by the court officials because, as judge Danforth says, â€Å"†¦ witchcraft is ipso facto, on its face and by its nature, an invisible crime, is it not? Therefore, who may possibly be witness to it? The witch and the victim. † As I have already stated, Abigail is clever and it does not take her long to realise that she can blame people that she wishes to take revenge on, whatever the reason may be. For example, Abigail accuses Elizabeth Proctor because she wants her out of the way so that John Proctor will return to her. Abigail seems heartless as she jeers when she sees people that she knows are innocent being hanged. For this reason, and many others that I have described, including her infatuation with John Proctor, I blame Abigail for the Salem witch-trials. She contributed more than most of the others. Although it is not his fault, John Hale can be blamed for the conviction of people accused of witchcraft. However, John Hale did not contribute much to the evil. Through all of his actions, John Hale acts honestly and is genuinely convinced that the people are possessed. Hale is a minister who specialises in ascertaining witchcraft. He is convinced that he can tell if a person is possessed, and does not mean to cause any harm when he uses his ‘gift’ to convince people to confess to trafficking. The accused know that confession is the only way of staying alive, but, at this moment, Hale is oblivious to it. Fortunately, Hale realises what is going on, after he is confronted by Proctor when he speaks of how many have confessed to witchcraft, â€Å"†¦ why not, if they must die for denyin’ it? There are them that will swear to anything before they’ll hang: have you never thought of that? † Hale is truly remorseful and from that point on, does everything in his power to resolve the situation. But, with Hales case, although he does nothing to promote it, it shows how much image overpowers common sense. Hale brings with him weird books and he is thought of as a great healer, whereas Giles Corey’s wife is hanged for reading books that could have been just like Hales. Compared to most of the other characters, the Putnams played a relatively small part in their contribution. In these times, it was thought that if a child died young it was the mother’s failure as a woman. Ann has had seven of her eight children die at a young age and is ashamed of what the townspeople must think of her. Because of this we pity her. When Goody Osburn is blamed, Ann is relieved and is quick to find that she can now use Goody Osburn as the reason her children died, as she states, just after Goody Osburn is charged, â€Å"I knew it! Goody Osburn were midwife to me three times. I begged you, Thomas, did I not? I begged him not call Osburn because I feared her. My babies always shrivelled in her hands! † Unlike Ann, Thomas Putnam does not act out of grief, but out of greed. For this reason, we don’t pity Thomas, and, in fact, feel resentment towards him, as he is heartless. He feels absolutely no guilt or remorse in falsely testifying in court about someone that he wants something from. For instance, Thomas Putnam convinces his daughter Ruth to cry witchery on George Jacobs so that he will be arrested, as it is obvious that such a man will not admit to working with unnatural spirits. This was because the law on witchcraft was, if someone was executed after being accused of witchery, but does not admit to it, then their land becomes state property, which means that anyone can buy it. Giles Corey realises that Putnam is acting out of greed and heads straight to court, in an attempt to overthrow the court, as Danforth questions Putnam â€Å"I have here an accusation by Mr Corey against you. He states that you coldly prompted your daughter to cry witchery upon George Jacobs that is now in jail. † John Proctor can also be blamed because from the start, he could have brought the situation to a halt if he had not been such a coward. From the start, Elizabeth tries to tell John Proctor of the dangers of Abigail but he does not seem to grasp just how dangerous the situation might become, until it is too late.

Latin American History

Ernesto â€Å"Che† Guevara’s work is entitled Reminiscences of the Cuban Revolutionary War. He elaborates on how Cuba was revolutionized and what happened during those days. It was published in Australia in 2006 and runs to 314 pages. Guevara is conscious of his place in history and writes for posterity, to preserve a history of the armed struggle against the tyranny of the dictator Batista. The revolutionary icon Ernesto Guevara states that the Cuban Revolution has had a very important role in bringing consciousness and liberty to the Latin America region.   Because of the Cuban revolution the country has become one of the most influential nations in the world. Cuba has achieved its goal of the gradual eradication of illiteracy and unemployment is solved. Social security is also guaranteed and for the young there is the assurance of education. Aside from all the hindrances and challenges that Cuba had experienced before, the country still manages to stand up and fight for their rights and liberties through social revolution.  Socialism is said to be improved and will be accredited for the duration of the Cuban Revolution. Even through the darkest days and the blockades that were done to Cuba, the people did not stop their revolution. Guerilla warfare played an important role in the Cuban Revolution according to Guevara’s writings. Guevara’s guerrillas were able to overcome superior firepower and succeed over superior forces by living off the land and utilizing hit and run tactics. They knew where they would attack next and the government forces did not. They were trusted by the people and therefore were better organized politically by listening to the people. Guerilla warfare was a rebellious movement which was formed to overcome economic, political and cultural adversities. It promotes changes which aim to eradicate corruption in the government, to stop tyranny, repression and remove the power of aristocratic elites. Guevera relates that in liberated territories the need for health care, industry and education is basic and paramount. Before the Cuban revolution there was exploitation and cultural repression which made clear the division and inequality of wealth within the nation. In this environment the rich became richer and the poor became poorer. From my own perspective it seems that people of Cuba became radical about what was happening in their society, and that made rebellion or insurgency a viable option. According to Guevara’s writings, violence should only be an option if there is an illegitimacy of the government and the people of that nation believe that there is really injustice and inequality in their society.   Local radical tribunals were formed to lead what they call people's justice, to try   to solve public arguments in Cuba. Cuba became the center of international liberalism because of this, but the truth is it was really different. Ernesto Guevara was an influence in building a new political and social government in Cuba. He constantly utilized the teachings of Marxist Leninism leadership in his revolution, but he never confirmed this no did he deny it. Che was very willing to negotiate with the communists in Sierra, and he was likewise intolerant of Fidel Castro’s aggression and distrust of them. But still, Guevara’s attitude toward Castro made him realize that revolution must be done in Cuba and he must apply Marxism. An analysis of Marxism shows that classes are the central players in the process of history, yet for Guevara these classes are lacking and are replaced by the revolutionaries. Guevara used Marxist themes in his writings, and he used the philosophy of Karl Marx in his own theories of economics. In this vein it is also necessary to say that Guevara embraced not only communism but a particular branch of it, called Stalinism. He applauded the Soviet invasion of Hungary that crushed the workers’ uprising there in 1956 and rejected   Khruschev’s denunciation of Stalin’s crimes. Politically he seemed to be a Guevarist. I would say that Guevara played the biggest role in the Cuban revolution in political consolidation and the formulation of economic strategies. Unlike what Castro had believed, being a pragmatist, Guevara used his power in the leadership towards the creation of a powerful and independent state. Guevara did not favor nor did he totally support Fidel Castro’s pragmatic leadership, and he immersed himself in his writing, deciding the best method to refute Castro.   He read a work entitled Eastern European Handbook On Planning during this period. Guevara found that the key to Cuba’s survival is industrialization and economic growth. In his speeches on the economy between 1959 and 1965, his persistent themes were the importance of planning and development. According to Che, there is a need for industrialization and diversification and a need for consequently winning workers over to the idea that they must delay their anticipation of immediate material enhancement in their lives. In addition, Guevara’s analysis of the economy was influenced by Soviet thinking. The state is given authority over the revolutionary army; the guiding tenet of economics is the market, and the perception is that of a beleaguered   state defending its survival in opposition to the looting marketers. But according to Guevara, he knew the dangers of isolation. He then pursued a version of internationalism that takes into consider the problems unique to Cuba when it comes to its dependency. Therefore, internationalism is just a part of the problems that Cuba experiences during the revolution. Knowing that Cuba exists in a global milieu and by the stability of internal forces, then what political, social and economical alterations can make it stable, Guevara asks. For Ernesto Guevara, the response is, of course the Cuban Revolution.  He does not consider the production and exportation of revolution elsewhere. According to him, the only thing that Cuba can export is their political and economical state. Guevara is a most compelling and convincing revolutionary leader. Aside from his health problems, he disregards the material, and his undying dedication evokes the near worshipful devotion of others. At this period, he becomes at ease with Fidel Castro.. Being recommended as the Director of the National Bank made him the center of economic policies. Then Guevara formed the National Institute of Agrarian Reform which he designed for economic transformation. It can be said that agrarian reform becomes the basis of change and the peasants become the first liberating army. Starting with a more competent agriculture, and the eradication of joblessness, Cuba is now ready to become an industrialized country. Guevara also predicts that in five years, his country will be adequate in the production of textiles. It will be able to develop mines for nickel, iron and manganese production. Further, Cuba will have its first car plant up and running. Because of Cuba's economic organization, its reliance on sugar exportation, its need for spare parts, machinery and industrial plants, and also due to the drain of professionals and technicians, it is possible that Che's projections are very idealistic. Politically speaking, Cuba will not work or function independently for long, and formation of socialism in a hostile capitalist hemisphere was unattainable and utopian thinking. Che made his predictions and published them in an article during March of 1962   as he introduced the socialist theory. Simplistically, the impossibility of finding spare parts, the lack of technologies and the shortness of immediate resources needed to raise productivity could only be realized by an intensified management of labor.  Guevara realizes the absurdity of animosity among the leadership and comes to understand what can be lost in the face of fraternal rivalry, and what is to be gained by a cold realistic approach Guevara’s writings are expository and sensitive as to how the revolution in Cuba came about. He also explicitly reveals the scenario of the various occurances during in those days.   Cuba is obviously a nation built on revolution that has made a major impact on the world. The Cuban Revolution might well be considered the greatest contribution to the world of liberalism and revolution. Many transformations and drastic changes have occurred in Cuba. Ernesto Guevara is certainly an icon of revolution. He sets a standard for true revolution through his life, his analyzations and his writings. His writings on the intricate workings of the Cuban revolution is a great contribution to Latin America history for it is stated in his writings what he believes and how he has transformed and liberated Cuba. I enjoyed reading the book. I find it to be full of facts and insights that Guevara conceptualizes. References Guevara, E. Reminiscences of the Cuban Revolutionary War (Authorized Edition)  Ã‚  Ã‚   Melbourne: Ocean Press, 2006.